与 «UNDERFULFILLING»相关的英语书籍
在以下的参考文献中发现
underfulfilling的用法。与
underfulfilling相关的书籍以及同一来源的简短摘要提供其在 英语文献中的使用情境。
1
Prices and Quantities: A Macroeconomic Analysis
But underfulfilling is not a symmetrical option. Realistically, the firm cannot
institute negative Christmas bonuses! Presumably, nonunion firms recognize this
asymmetry in their subsequent options at the time they make their wage offers
and ...
2
Soviet Workers and Late Stalinism: Labour and the ...
In 1951 – after norms had been substantially raised – approximately 5 per cent of
young workers in the major engineering centres such as Kharkov and Leningrad
were underfulfilling (GARF, f. 7676, op. 16, d. 170, l. 112; TsKhDMO, f. 1, op.
3
Interactions between the planner, managers and workers in ...
+(l+c«)y) in period T, summing up to be {ay) for both periods; (ii) the managers
are overfulfilling the target in the penultimate period, but underfulfilling in the final
period, in which case their marginal bonus would be (P-y) + (-/3-(l+°0y), which is
...
4
The Bounds of Reason: Game Theory and the Unification of the ...
Moreover, employees expected this behavior on the part of their employers, as
shown by the fact that their effort levels increased significantly when their bosses
gained the power to punish and reward them. Underfulfilling contracts dropped ...
5
Marriage and Inequality in Classless Societies
Children are inevitably cast as underfulfilling their obligation to obey because
children who request parental help put themselves in a situation where parents
may scold them for having been disrespectful or disobedient in the past. Because
...
Jane Fishburne Collier,
1993
6
Creditworthiness and Reform in Poland: Western and Polish ...
The underfulfilling of the hard-currency export plan in 1985 confirms this
hypothesis. Implications for the Future Although fundamental changes in the
structure and instruments of foreign-trade planning alone may improve foreign-
trade ...
Paul Marer, Włodzimierz Siwiński,
1988
7
The Red Screen: Politics, Society, Art in Soviet Cinema
... risk underfulfilling the yearly quotaof films prescribed by the central plan. The
economicexperiment undertaken inthe 1960sby director Grigori Chukhrai was
cutshort.7 The new hopes inspired by Gorbachev have induced
Chukhraitocallfora ...
8
The Radiant Past: Ideology and Reality in Hungary's Road to ...
Like machine operators paid by piece rates, enterprise directors have an interest
in not overfulfilling above a certain percentage when plans are slack, and in
underfulfilling when the plans are taut. They bargain with central planners for
loose ...
9
Handbook on the Economics of Philanthropy, Reciprocity and ...
Underfulfilling contracts dropped from 71 percent to 26 percent of the exchanges,
and overfulfilled contracts rose from 3 percent to 38 percent of the total. Finally,
allowing employers to reward and punish led to a 40 percent increase in the net ...
Stefano Zamagni, Luigino Bruni,
2013
10
Rediscovering Fire: Basic Economic Lessons from the Soviet ...
... managers would often prefer to be tried for violating these laws than for
underfulfilling the plan.39 Workers learned that if planning and labor allocation
lowered output considerably, the elimination of unemployment is of no use to the
people.
Guinevere Liberty Nell,
2010