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Meaning of "letter of marque and reprisal" in the English dictionary

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PRONUNCIATION OF LETTER OF MARQUE AND REPRISAL

letter of marque and reprisal  [ˈlɛtəʳ əv mɑːk ənd rɪˈpraɪzəl] play
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF LETTER OF MARQUE AND REPRISAL

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Letter of marque and reprisal is a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES LETTER OF MARQUE AND REPRISAL MEAN IN ENGLISH?

letter of marque and reprisal

Letter of marque

In the days of fighting sail, a letter of marque and reprisal was a government license authorizing a person to attack and capture enemy vessels and bring them before admiralty courts for condemnation and sale. Cruising for prizes with a letter of marque was considered an honorable calling combining patriotism and profit, in contrast to unlicensed piracy, which was universally reviled. In addition to the term lettre de marque, the French sometimes used the term lettre de course for their letters of marque. "Letter of marque" was sometimes used to describe the vessel used: a "letter of marque" generally refers to a lumbering square-rigged cargo carrier that might pick up a prize if the opportunity arose. A "privateer" was a fast and weatherly fore-and-aft-rigged vessel heavily armed and heavily crewed, intended exclusively for fighting. A "letter of marque and reprisal" would involve permission to cross an international border to effect a reprisal authorized by an issuing jurisdiction to conduct reprisal operations outside its borders.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH LETTER OF MARQUE AND REPRISAL


appraisal
əˈpreɪzəl
arrhizal
əˈraɪzəl
capsizal
kæpˈsaɪzəl
comprisal
kəmˈpraɪzəl
coryzal
kəˈraɪzəl
despisal
dɪˈspaɪzəl
devisal
dɪˈvaɪzəl
drizzle
ˈdrɪzəl
endorhizal
ˌendəʊˈraɪzəl
hazel
ˈheɪzəl
incisal
ɪnˈsaɪzəl
mycorhizal
ˌmaɪkəˈraɪzəl
mycorrhizal
ˌmaɪkəˈraɪzəl
nasal
ˈneɪzəl
reprisal
rɪˈpraɪzəl
revisal
rɪˈvaɪzəl
supervisal
ˈsuːpəˌvaɪzəl
surmisal
sɜːˈmaɪzəl
surprisal
sɜːˈpraɪzəl
uprisal
ʌpˈraɪzəl

WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE LETTER OF MARQUE AND REPRISAL

letter bomb
letter box
letter card
letter of acknowledgement
letter of advice
letter of attorney
letter of credence
letter of credit
letter of intent
letter of introduction
letter of marque
letter of request
letter opener
letter paper
letter quality
letter rogatory
letter-high
letter-perfect
letter-quality printing
letter-writer

WORDS THAT END LIKE LETTER OF MARQUE AND REPRISAL

basal
causal
chamisal
dismissal
disposal
dorsal
expert appraisal
futsal
misappraisal
paradisal
performance appraisal
proposal
reappraisal
refusal
rehearsal
reversal
sal
self-appraisal
sisal
universal

Synonyms and antonyms of letter of marque and reprisal in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

Translation of «letter of marque and reprisal» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF LETTER OF MARQUE AND REPRISAL

Find out the translation of letter of marque and reprisal to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of letter of marque and reprisal from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «letter of marque and reprisal» in English.

Translator English - Chinese

劳斯莱斯和报复的信
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English - Spanish

patente de corso y represalias
570 millions of speakers

English

letter of marque and reprisal
510 millions of speakers

Translator English - Hindi

मार्क और प्रतिशोध का पत्र
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

رسالة من انطلاقها و الانتقام
280 millions of speakers

Translator English - Russian

каперское и репрессий
278 millions of speakers

Translator English - Portuguese

carta de corso
270 millions of speakers

Translator English - Bengali

মার্ক এবং ধর্ষণের চিঠি
260 millions of speakers

Translator English - French

lettre de marque et de représailles
220 millions of speakers

Translator English - Malay

Surat marque dan penolakan
190 millions of speakers

Translator English - German

Kaperbrief und Repressalien
180 millions of speakers

Translator English - Japanese

ブランドと報復の手紙
130 millions of speakers

Translator English - Korean

보복 과 보복 의 편지
85 millions of speakers

Translator English - Javanese

Surat marque lan reprisal
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

thư của nhãn hiệu và trả đũa
80 millions of speakers

Translator English - Tamil

மார்க் மற்றும் பதிலளிப்பு கடிதம்
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Marathi

Marque आणि सूडपत्र पत्र
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Turkish

Marque mektubu ve misilleme
70 millions of speakers

Translator English - Italian

lettera di preda e rappresaglia
65 millions of speakers

Translator English - Polish

List Marque i represji
50 millions of speakers

Translator English - Ukrainian

каперське і репресій
40 millions of speakers

Translator English - Romanian

scrisoarea de marque și represalii
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

επιστολή της μάρκας και αντίποινα
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

letter van Toyota en vergelding
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

skrivelse av marque och vedergällning
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

brev marque og represalier
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of letter of marque and reprisal

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «LETTER OF MARQUE AND REPRISAL»

The term «letter of marque and reprisal» is normally little used and occupies the 144.307 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
0
100%
FREQUENCY
Little used
33
/100
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «letter of marque and reprisal» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of letter of marque and reprisal
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «letter of marque and reprisal».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «LETTER OF MARQUE AND REPRISAL» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «letter of marque and reprisal» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «letter of marque and reprisal» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about letter of marque and reprisal

EXAMPLES

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «LETTER OF MARQUE AND REPRISAL»

Discover the use of letter of marque and reprisal in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to letter of marque and reprisal and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
The Scots Magazine
_ Vlll. That no commander ofany ship or vessel having a letter of marque and reprisal as aforesaid, shall presume, as they will answer it at their peril, to wear any jack, pennant, or other ensign, or colours usually borne by our ships; but that  ...
‎1778
2
The Edinburgh Magazine, and Literary Miscellany: A New ...
That no commander of any stip or vessel having a letter of marque and reprisal as aforesaid, stall ransom, or a- gree to ransom, or quit, or set at liberty, any stip or vessel, or their cargoes, which stall he seized and taken. X. That all captains or  ...
‎1778
3
The Odd Clauses: Understanding the Constitution Through Ten ...
By the eighteenth century, however, all these nomenclature distinctions seem to have disappeared, and a “letter of marque and reprisal” came to refer to any authorization from a government to a private vessel to attack a foreign ship and take ...
Jay Wexler, 2011
4
To Chain the Dog of War: The War Power of Congress in ...
(130(a), 1034-44) When combined, a letter of marque and reprisal permitted a particular person to seize property or even foreign citizens who refused to redress injuries they caused. However, as government increased its control over warfare, ...
Francis Dunham Wormuth, 1989
5
Steel's ship-master's assistant, and owner's manual: ...
In case the commander of any ship, having a letter of marque and reprisal as aforesaid, shall act contrary to these instructions, or any such further instructions of which he shall have due notice, he shall forfeit his commission to all intents and ...
David Steel, J. Stikeman, Patrick Kelly, 1839
6
The shipmaster's assistant, and owner's manual: cont. ...
In case the commander of any ship, having a letter of marque and reprisal as aforesaid, shall act contrary to these instructions, or any such further instructions of which he shall have due notice, he shall forfeit his commission to all intents and ...
David Steel, ... Kelly, 1826
7
The ship-master's assistant, and owner's manual. [With]
... such letter of marque and reprisal is requested, specifying the burthen of such ship or vessel, and the number and nature of the guns, and what other warlike furniture and ammunition are on board the same, to what place the ship belongs,  ...
David Steel, I Stikeman, 1832
8
Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the High Court of ...
... the orders, regulations, and directions of the said commiflioners; and that no commander, or other officer of any ship having a letter of marque and reprisal as aforesaid, do presume, upon any pre. tence whatsoever, to ransom anyprisoners.
Christopher Robinson, High Court of Admiralty, 1812
9
Universal history, ancient and modern
When a Spanish war broke out, the Buccaneers were furnished by the English with regular letter:, of marque and reprisal. After the restoration of Charles It. the king gave orders that thiy should receive every encouragement .Mid proteetion ...
William Fordyce Mavor, 1806
10
Free, Sovereign, and Independent States: The Intended ...
New Hampshire had a court of admiralty and adjudged a lawful prize by the holder of a letter of marque and reprisal granted by Congress. From this judgment an appeal was taken, and, on recommendation of its committee, Congress reversed ...
John Remington Graham, 2013

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «LETTER OF MARQUE AND REPRISAL»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term letter of marque and reprisal is used in the context of the following news items.
1
Nantucket Whalers in Europe
The Letter of Marque and Reprisal is a government license authorizing privateers to attack enemy vessels (Britain and France were at war at ... «Yesterday's Island/Today's Nantucket, May 15»
2
The Return of the Jolly Roger
For those who don't know what a letter of marque is, “in the days of fighting sail, a letter of marque and reprisal was a government license ... «PJ Media, Mar 15»
3
GRANTHAM: Congress Should Declare Total War Against The …
Historically naming a vessel as the licensee, a letter of Marque and reprisal would include permission to cross an international border to affect ... «The Hayride, Feb 15»
4
Declaring Against ISIS
We would also unsheathe the letter of marque and reprisal, which is the second major enumerated war power that the Constitution grants to ... «New York Sun, Feb 15»
5
Here Are My Thoughts On The Movie 'American Sniper'
... of the United States, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison handled it constitutionally by asking Congress for a letter of marque and reprisal. «Western Journalism, Jan 15»
6
MARBLEHEAD 101: Privateers and Letters of Marque
A Letter of Marque and Reprisal was a government license authorizing the holder to attack and capture enemy vessels, and bring them to an ... «Wicked Local Marblehead, Jan 15»
7
McCLAUGHRY: Finish off the "Islamic State" quickly and cheaply
Under international law, a Letter of Marque and Reprisal is an authorization from a government to specific persons to engage in hostile actions ... «Washington Times, Jul 14»
8
Sen. Lee: I hope to become a pirate [VIDEO]
A power that I wish we would get to debate and discuss longer, more frequently in the United States Senate. A letter of marque and reprisal is of ... «Daily Caller, Sep 13»
9
Ten Quotes that Reveal Just How Bizarre Ted Cruz's Super-Extra …
“Regardless of how long I might serve in the United States Senate I hope one day to be granted a letter of marque and reprisal so that I could ... «The American Prospect, Sep 13»
10
The Power of War, Continued
... is about changing a legal status between nations, one necessary so that certain other steps, such as issuing a letter of marque and reprisal, ... «National Review Online, Aug 13»

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Letter of marque and reprisal [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/letter-of-marque-and-reprisal>. May 2024 ».
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