Download the app
educalingo
Search

Meaning of "nitrogen mustard" in the English dictionary

Dictionary
DICTIONARY
section

PRONUNCIATION OF NITROGEN MUSTARD

nitrogen mustard play
facebooktwitterpinterestwhatsapp

GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF NITROGEN MUSTARD

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Nitrogen mustard is a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES NITROGEN MUSTARD MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Nitrogen mustard

The nitrogen mustards are cytotoxic chemotherapy agents similar to mustard gas. Although their common use is medicinal, in principle these compounds can also be deployed as chemical warfare agents. Nitrogen mustards are nonspecific DNA alkylating agents. Nitrogen mustard gas was stockpiled by several nations during the Second World War, but it was never used in combat. As with all types of mustard gas, nitrogen mustards are powerful and persistent blister agents and the main examples are therefore classified as Schedule 1 substances within the Chemical Weapons Convention. Production and use is therefore strongly restricted. During WWII nitrogen mustards were studied at Yale University and classified human clinical trials of nitrogen mustards for the treatment of lymphoma started in December 1942. Also during WWII, an incident during the air raid on Bari, Italy, led to the release of mustard gas that affected several hundred soldiers and civilians. Medical examination of the survivors showed a decreased number of lymphocytes. After WWII was over, the Bari incident and the Yale group's studies eventually converged prompting a search for other similar compounds.

Definition of nitrogen mustard in the English dictionary

The definition of nitrogen mustard in the dictionary is any of a class of organic compounds resembling mustard gas in their molecular structure. General formula: RN2, where R is an organic group: important in the treatment of cancer.

WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE NITROGEN MUSTARD

nitrofuran
nitrogelatin
nitrogelatine
nitrogen
nitrogen cycle
nitrogen dioxide
nitrogen fixation
nitrogen gas
nitrogen monoxide
nitrogen peroxide
nitrogen tetroxide
nitrogen-fixing
nitrogenase
nitrogenisation
nitrogenise
nitrogenization
nitrogenize
nitrogenous
nitroglycerin
nitroglycerine

WORDS THAT END LIKE NITROGEN MUSTARD

American mustard
bastard
black mustard
bustard
costard
custard
cut the mustard
dastard
egg custard
French mustard
garlic mustard
great bustard
mustard
pastry custard
quinacrine mustard
retard
sad bastard
treacle mustard
wall mustard
white mustard
wild mustard

Synonyms and antonyms of nitrogen mustard in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

Translation of «nitrogen mustard» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF NITROGEN MUSTARD

Find out the translation of nitrogen mustard to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of nitrogen mustard from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «nitrogen mustard» in English.

Translator English - Chinese

氮芥
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English - Spanish

mostaza de nitrógeno
570 millions of speakers

English

nitrogen mustard
510 millions of speakers

Translator English - Hindi

नाइट्रोजन सरसों
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

الخردل النيتروجين
280 millions of speakers

Translator English - Russian

азотистый иприт
278 millions of speakers

Translator English - Portuguese

mostarda de azoto
270 millions of speakers

Translator English - Bengali

নাইট্রোজেন সরিষা
260 millions of speakers

Translator English - French

moutarde à l´azote
220 millions of speakers

Translator English - Malay

Mustard nitrogen
190 millions of speakers

Translator English - German

Stickstoff-Lost
180 millions of speakers

Translator English - Japanese

ナイトロジェンマスタード
130 millions of speakers

Translator English - Korean

질소 겨자
85 millions of speakers

Translator English - Javanese

Mustard nitrogen
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

nitơ mù tạt
80 millions of speakers

Translator English - Tamil

நைட்ரஜன் கடுகு
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Marathi

नायट्रोजन मोहरी
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Turkish

Azot hardalı
70 millions of speakers

Translator English - Italian

mostarda azotata
65 millions of speakers

Translator English - Polish

iperyt azotowy
50 millions of speakers

Translator English - Ukrainian

азотистий іприт
40 millions of speakers

Translator English - Romanian

muștar de azot
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

μουστάρδα αζώτου
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

stikstofmosterd
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

kvävesenap
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

nitrogen sennep
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of nitrogen mustard

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «NITROGEN MUSTARD»

The term «nitrogen mustard» is normally little used and occupies the 119.428 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
0
100%
FREQUENCY
Little used
44
/100
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «nitrogen mustard» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of nitrogen mustard
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «nitrogen mustard».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «NITROGEN MUSTARD» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «nitrogen mustard» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «nitrogen mustard» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about nitrogen mustard

EXAMPLES

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «NITROGEN MUSTARD»

Discover the use of nitrogen mustard in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to nitrogen mustard and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
Nitrogen Mustard Compounds: Advances in Research and ...
Nitrogen Mustard Compounds: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Nitrogen Mustard Compounds in a concise format.
‎2012
2
Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus
Nitrogen mustard (mechlorethamine) is a highly potent alkylating agent with prolonged immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory effects. Although it is infrequently used at the present time, a detailed review is in order because it appears to ...
Daniel Jeffrey Wallace, Bevra Hahn, 2007
3
Weapons of Mass Destruction
Experiments found that tumors shrank following treatment with a type of nitrogen mustard called HN-2, also known as mustine (Mustargenor mechloroethamine). Its high toxicity and the introduction of many other chemotherapy options make ...
4
Weapons of Mass Casualties and Terrorism Response Handbook
Nitrogen mustard (HN) is an oily, pale yellow or colorless liquid that is freely soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water. There are three variants of nitrogen mustard: HN-1, HN-2, and HN-3. All three variants may be formed during the ...
Charles Edward Stewart, 2006
5
How Everyday Products Make People Sick: Toxins at Home and ...
Like the original toxin, nitrogen mustard is also a blistering agent, through either inhalation or skin contact. It also has an even more potent capacity than its parent compound to attack blood-forming cells. When the data from the U.S. nitrogen ...
Paul D. Blanc, 2007
6
Hodgkin's Disease
Actuarial analysis yielded a four- year survival rate of 48.2 percent in their patients receiving radiation therapy together with nitrogen mustard and 47.6 percent in those receiving radiotherapy alone. They concluded that nitrogen mustard did ...
Henry S. Kaplan, 1980
7
Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
Topical nitrogen mustard (mechlorethamine) is an effective topical therapy for mycosis fungoides (41–43). The mechanism of action when nitrogen mustard is applied topically is not well defined and may not be related simply to its alkyl- ...
James O. Armitage, Bertrand Coiffier, Riccardo Dalla-Favera, 2009
8
Report on Carcinogens (12th Ed. )
Cancer Studies in Humans When used as an antineoplastic agent, nitrogen mustard hydrochloride usually is used in combination with other antineoplastic drugs; however, it has been used alone to treat mycosis fungoides (IARC 1975, 1982).
Nat. Toxicology Program (NTP) (NIH), 2011
9
Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology
Nitrogen Mustards The first successful chemotherapy of malignant tumors was recorded in 1942 when the first cytostatic drug named mechloretamine (^- nitrogen mustard) was used. Later, a large series of nitrogen mustard analogues was ...
Stefan Offermanns
10
Drug Delivery: Principles and Applications
N Cl Cl O O O O N Cl Cl O O OH OH Hypoxia Reductase 4a O OH 4b 4 Relatively stable nitrogen mustard N Cl Cl –O O N Cl –O O DNA + Aziridinium ring 4c 4d ( Reactive nitrogen mustard) Scheme 3. Bioreductive activation of prodrug 4.
Binghe Wang, Teruna J. Siahaan, Richard A. Soltero, 2005

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «NITROGEN MUSTARD»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term nitrogen mustard is used in the context of the following news items.
1
What Is Chemotherapy? The Ins And Outs Of Treatment, And How It …
... to World War II when, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS), the U.S. Army was studying a compound called nitrogen mustard. «Medical Daily, Jul 15»
2
From Ancient Tumors To Today's Breakthroughs: A Brief History Of …
The U.S. Department of Defense asked two pharmacologists from Yale to investigate how nitrogen mustard could potentially fight cancer or ... «Medical Daily, Jun 15»
3
US Government Tested Mustard Gas On Troops Based on Race
During the war, the U.S. government tested mustard gas, nitrogen mustard, and lewisite on 60,000 American soldiers to prepare the military for ... «Mintpress News, Jun 15»
4
New Research Finds Turmeric Compounds Helpful in Alleviating …
Sulfur mustard has a chemical cousin called nitrogen mustard that was developed and used for chemotherapy for certain blood cancers. In the ... «Digital Journal, Jun 15»
5
Timeline: Major cancer discoveries and treatments
1947: First successful chemotherapy treatment - Nitrogen Mustard - is used to treat Hodgkin Lymphoma. The treatment was discovered from an ... «ITV News, Jun 15»
6
ASCO: Triple Agent Tx Thwarts CLL Progress
... against the protein CD20, which is primarily found on the surface of B cells, and bendamustine is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent. «MedPage Today, May 15»
7
How A Notorious Chemical Weapon Led To The Invention Of …
Mustard gas itself was out of the question, but the doctors came up with an alternate chemical called nitrogen mustard, and started looking for ... «io9, May 15»
8
“The Emperor of All Maladies”—The Amazing Biography of Cancer …
... Hallstead (total mastectomy), performed in 1898; the first use of radiation in 1928; and the first chemotherapy (nitrogen mustard) administered ... «OncLive, Apr 15»
9
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: prognosis and management
Bendamustine is a nitrogen mustard which bears structural similarities to alkylating agents as well as purine analogs. A phase II trial of BR in 63 ... «Nature.com, Mar 15»
10
Our milestones: A recipe for success – the birth of combination …
When treating Hodgkin lymphoma patients, Professor Malpas remembers putting up drips with nitrogen mustard (mustine) “which made ... «Cancer Research UK, Mar 15»

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Nitrogen mustard [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/nitrogen-mustard>. Apr 2024 ».
Download the educalingo app
en
English dictionary
Discover all that is hidden in the words on
index
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z