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Meaning of "provirus" in the English dictionary

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DICTIONARY
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PRONUNCIATION OF PROVIRUS

provirus  [ˈprəʊˌvaɪrəs] play
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF PROVIRUS

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Provirus is a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES PROVIRUS MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Provirus

A provirus is a virus genome that is integrated into the DNA of a host cell. In the case of bacterial viruses, proviruses are often referred to as prophages. This state can be a stage of virus replication, or a state that persists over longer periods of time as either inactive viral infections or an endogenous retrovirus. In inactive viral infections the virus will not replicate itself but through replication of its host cell. This state can last over many host cell generations. Endogenous retroviruses are always in the state of a provirus. When a retrovirus invades a cell, the RNA of the retrovirus is reverse-transcribed into DNA by reverse transcriptase, then inserted into the host genome by an integrase. A provirus does not directly make new DNA copies of itself while integrated into a host genome in this way. Instead, it is passively replicated along with the host genome and passed on to the original cell's offspring; all descendants of the infected cell will also bear proviruses in their genomes. This is known as lysogenic viral reproduction. Integration can result in a latent infection or a productive infection.

Definition of provirus in the English dictionary

The definition of provirus in the dictionary is the inactive form of a virus in a host cell.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH PROVIRUS


antivirus
ˈæntɪˌvaɪrəs
arbovirus
ˈɑːbəʊˌvaɪrəs
baculovirus
ˈbækjʊləʊˌvaɪrəs
coronavirus
kəˈrəʊnəˌvaɪrəs
cytomegalovirus
ˌsaɪtəʊˈmɛɡələʊˌvaɪrəs
echovirus
ˈɛkəʊˌvaɪrəs
filovirus
ˈfaɪləʊˌvaɪrəs
flavivirus
ˈfleɪvɪˌvaɪrəs
hantavirus
ˈhæntəˌvaɪrəs
herpesvirus
ˈhɜːpiːzˌvaɪrəs
lentivirus
ˈlɛntɪˌvaɪrəs
norovirus
ˈnɔːrəʊˌvaɪrəs
oncornavirus
ˈɒŋkɔːnəˌvaɪrəs
papovavirus
pəˈpəʊvəˌvaɪrəs
parvovirus
ˈpɑːvəʊˌvaɪrəs
picornavirus
ˈpɪˈkɔːnəˌvaɪrəs
retrovirus
ˈrɛtrəʊˌvaɪrəs
rhabdovirus
ˈræbdəʊˌvaɪrəs
rhinovirus
ˈraɪnəʊˌvaɪrəs
rotavirus
ˈrəʊtəˌvaɪrəs

WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE PROVIRUS

provincialise
provincialism
provincialist
provinciality
provincialize
provincially
provine
proving
proving ground
proviral
provision
provision merchant
provisional
provisional driving licence
Provisional IRA
provisionally
provisionary
provisioner
provisions
proviso

WORDS THAT END LIKE PROVIRUS

adenovirus
canine parvovirus
computer virus
Coxsackie virus
enterovirus
Epirus
Epstein-Barr virus
HIV virus
human immunodeficiency virus
human papilloma virus
morbillivirus
Norwalk virus
papillomavirus
para-influenza virus
paramyxovirus
polio virus
poxvirus
reovirus
respiratory syncytial virus
tobacco mosaic virus
virus

Synonyms and antonyms of provirus in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

Translation of «provirus» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF PROVIRUS

Find out the translation of provirus to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of provirus from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «provirus» in English.

Translator English - Chinese

前病毒
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English - Spanish

provirus
570 millions of speakers

English

provirus
510 millions of speakers

Translator English - Hindi

provirus
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

طليعة الفيروس
280 millions of speakers

Translator English - Russian

провирус
278 millions of speakers

Translator English - Portuguese

provírus
270 millions of speakers

Translator English - Bengali

provirus
260 millions of speakers

Translator English - French

provirus
220 millions of speakers

Translator English - Malay

Provirus
190 millions of speakers

Translator English - German

Provirus
180 millions of speakers

Translator English - Japanese

プロウイルス
130 millions of speakers

Translator English - Korean

프로 바이러스
85 millions of speakers

Translator English - Javanese

Provirus
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

provirus
80 millions of speakers

Translator English - Tamil

ப்ரோவைரஸ்
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Marathi

प्रांत
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Turkish

provirüs
70 millions of speakers

Translator English - Italian

provirus
65 millions of speakers

Translator English - Polish

prowirus
50 millions of speakers

Translator English - Ukrainian

провірус
40 millions of speakers

Translator English - Romanian

provirus
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

προϊό
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

provirus
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

provirus
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

provirus
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of provirus

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «PROVIRUS»

The term «provirus» is regularly used and occupies the 104.020 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
0
100%
FREQUENCY
Regularly used
52
/100
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «provirus» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of provirus
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «provirus».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «PROVIRUS» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «provirus» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «provirus» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about provirus

EXAMPLES

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «PROVIRUS»

Discover the use of provirus in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to provirus and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
The DNA Provirus: Howard Temin's Scientific Legacy
This book focuses on the significance of temin′s science as well as on current areas of research which have been profoundly affected by his discoveries.
Howard M. Temin, Geoffrey M. Cooper, Rayla Greenberg Temin, 1995
2
Retroviruses in Human Lymphoma/leukemia: Proceedings of the ...
To show the direct involvement of HTLV infection in ATL development, we analyzed the pattern of integration of the provirus genome into leukemic and non- leukemic cells (8, 9, 14). If the HTLV-I is involved directly in leukemogenesis, all ATL ...
Masanao Miwa, 1985
3
METHODS IN CELL BIOLOGY
The first intracellular step leading to virus development and transformation is formation of the provirus by means of the virion-associated reverse transcriptase. The DNA product, presumed to be the direct precursor of the provirus, is then ...
David M. Prescott, James G Fox, 1974
4
Mobile Genetic Elements
ZIP Rat TTATTTTTGACCTCTA CAGCACGTATCAAAAT Provirus 10 'ZAP Rat CCCGCCCCTGGGTACA GAGAATCCACTGAACA Provirus 10 ml Mink TCCCCTCATAGATATA CTAGTGCTGACCTAGT Provirus 6 HT] Mink GT C T G A Provirus ll ...
James Shapiro, 1983
5
Viruses and Environment
Provirus + Provirus. Provirus is Lost. Chromosomal Deletion But Not Transformed . Results in Cells Blocked in Maturation. Consequence: Leukemogenesis Fig. 5. Chromosomal break—provirus loss (model 4). Here we propose that like the ...
Edouard Kurstak, 2012
6
PROG NUCLEIC ACID RES&MOLECULAR BIO
In order to determine that these fragments are ecotropic provirus, we hybridized the myeloid leukemia DNA and normal spleen DNA with the "eco-specific" probe and an LTR-specific probe. The results are shown in Fig. 4 and indicate that ...
Waldo E. Cohn, 1983
7
Science's Blind Spot: The Unseen Religion of Scientific ...
If two species share a common provirus at the same DNA location, then the provirus must have been inherited via common descent—their common ancestor must have had that provirus. Proviruses have been found that violate this prediction.
Cornelius Hunter, 2007
8
A History of the Life Sciences, Revised and Expanded
Temin' s initial explanatory framework was called the provirus hypothesis. According to the provirus hypothesis, after an RNA virus enters a host cell, a DNA provirus is synthesized. The DNA provirus contains the genetic information of the RNA ...
Lois N. Magner, 2002
9
The Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human ...
Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project Daniel J. Kevles, Leroy E. Hood. wild-type provirus DNA recombinant DNA techniques vector provirus DNA (no recognition signal) ...
Daniel J. Kevles, Leroy E. Hood, 1993
10
Viral Pathogenesis in Diagrams
Infecting viral RNA is reverse transcribed into linear dsDNA, which is then integrated into cellular DNA as a provirus. Integration is a prerequisite for replication. The provirus persists in the cell or is transcribed into novel viral RNA. Viruses are ...
Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann, Michel Tremblay, Laurent Berthiaume, 2000

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «PROVIRUS»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term provirus is used in the context of the following news items.
1
Infectious disease Blocking mTOR inhibits HIV-1
Furthermore, in INK128-treated PBLs, levels of early reverse-transcribed HIV DNA and integrated provirus were only decreased after infection with R5 HIV, but ... «Nature.com, Jul 15»
2
'Molecular microscope' finds hidden AIDS virus in the body
Estes, who works with virologist Jeffrey Lifson, has also developed a DNAscope to visualize this HIV DNA—called the provirus—which becomes integrated into ... «Science /AAAS, Jul 15»
3
b Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North …
We found that GSK343, a potent and selective EZH2/EZH1 inhibitor, reduced trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27) of the HIV provirus in resting cells. «Journal of Virology, Jul 15»
4
VISA - Vector Integration Site Analysis server: a web-based server to …
Sequence reads that contain a provirus are mapped to the human genome, sequence reads that cannot be localized to a unique location in the genome are ... «BMC Blogs Network, Jul 15»
5
Editing HIV out of our genome with CRISPR
We've chosen a different approach that looks to isolate and excise the provirus directly from resting cells," said Luban. With a model of the latently infected cells' ... «Medical Xpress, Apr 15»
6
p53-Derived Host Restriction of HIV-1 Replication by Protein Kinase …
... T40, S46, S62, and S68), which inhibits Tat-mediated provirus transcription in three critical steps: (i) phosphorylation near the arginine-rich motif (ARM) inhibits ... «Journal of Virology, Mar 15»
7
RetroVirox Awarded $3 Million NIH Grant to Develop Drugs to Cure …
However, infected individuals also carry in their genome copies of the HIV provirus in a state of latency. In this form, HIV can hide for decades within cells and ... «Marketwired, Mar 15»
8
Novel Denisovan and Neanderthal Retroviruses
In this study, we screened the most recently available high-coverage genomes for a Denisovan (4) and an Altai Neanderthal (2) for HERV-K proviruses. «Journal of Virology, Oct 14»
9
Vault nanoparticles show promise for cancer treatment and possible …
However, for people with HIV/AIDS, health maintenance still requires that they take the drugs for life, because of a phenomenon called provirus latency within ... «Phys.Org, Aug 14»
10
Genome Editing Cuts Out HIV
Nonetheless, “latent HIV provirus is a very exciting target and . . . a very promising way forward,” said Cradick, who did not participate in the study. Koyanagi's ... «Scientist, Jul 14»

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Provirus [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/provirus>. May 2024 ».
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