Aristotle
Aristotle was a polymath: philosopher, logical and scientific of Ancient Greece whose ideas have had an enormous influence on the intellectual history of the West for more than two millennia. Aristotle wrote about 200 treatises on a huge variety of subjects, including logic, metaphysics, philosophy of science, ethics, political philosophy, aesthetics, rhetoric, physics, astronomy, and biology. Aristotle transformed many, if not all, areas of knowledge he touched. He is recognized as the founding father of logic and biology, for although there are previous reflections and writings on both subjects, it is in Aristotle's work that the first systematic investigations are found. Among many other contributions, Aristotle formulated the theory of spontaneous generation, the principle of non-contradiction, the notions of category, substance, act, power and first mover immobile. Some of his ideas, which were new to the philosophy of his time, today are part of the common sense of many people.