"punitive"辞典での英語の意味

PUNITIVEの語源

From Medieval Latin pūnītīvus concerning punishment, from Latin pūnīre to punish.

語源は、言葉の起源とその構造、意義の変化を研究するものです。

英語でPUNITIVEの発音

punitive  [ˈpjuːnɪtɪv]

英語でPUNITIVEはどんな意味ですか？

罰

Punishment

罰は、当局が容認できないとみなす行為や何らかの規範違反に応じて、法執行機関によって個人または団体に望ましくないまたは不快なものがあるかどうかの権威的な付与です。 不愉快な面倒には、罰金、刑罰、または拘禁が含まれる場合があります。また、心地良いまたは望ましいものの除去または拒否である場合もあります。 個体は人でも動物でもよい。 当局はグループまたは一人の人物であり、処罰は法律の制度の下で正式に、または家族内などの他の種類の社会環境で非公式に実施することができます。 許可されていない、または規則に違反することなく管理されている否定的な結果は、ここで定義されている罰則とはみなされません。 特に刑務所に適用されるような犯罪の処罰の研究と実践は、ペノロジーと呼ばれ、現代の文章ではしばしば訂正と呼ばれる。 この文脈では、処罰プロセスは婉曲的に「矯正プロセス」と呼ばれている。 懲罰の研究には、しばしば予防に関する同様の研究が含まれる。

Punishment is the authoritative imposition of something undesirable or unpleasant upon an individual or group by law enforcement, in response to behaviour that an authority deems unacceptable or a violation of some norm. The unpleasant imposition may include a fine, penalty, or confinement, or be the removal or denial of something pleasant or desirable. The individual may be a person, or even an animal. The authority may be either a group or a single person, and punishment may be carried out formally under a system of law or informally in other kinds of social settings such as within a family. Negative consequences that are not authorised or that are administered without a breach of rules are not considered to be punishment as defined here. The study and practice of the punishment of crimes, particularly as it applies to imprisonment, is called penology, or, often in modern texts, corrections; in this context, the punishment process is euphemistically called "correctional process". Research into punishment often includes similar research into prevention.

英語辞典でのpunitiveの定義

辞書の懲罰の定義は、罰を与える意図に関連しているか、関与しているのか、または罰を与える意図に関連している。

英語で«PUNITIVE»の同義語

次の英語の単語は、«punitive»と似た意味または同じ意味を持ち、同じ文法範疇に属します。

punitiveの英語での同義語

austere · burdensome · draconian · drastic · harsh · high · prohibitive · punitory · retaliative · retaliatory · revengeful · severe · stiff · stringent · vindictive

PUNITIVEの翻訳

当社の英語多言語翻訳者が翻訳した25ヵ国語のpunitiveを探してみましょう。

自動統計翻訳によって、このセクションで示されている英語から他の言語へのpunitiveの翻訳を訳しました。この場合は、必須の翻訳単位は英語で«punitive»という単語です。

• 英語翻訳家 - 中国語: 惩罚性的
• 英語翻訳家 - スペイン語: punitivo
• 英語: punitive
• 英語翻訳家 - ヒンディー語: दंडात्मक
• 英語翻訳家 - アラビア語: عقابية
• 英語翻訳家 - ロシア語: карательная
• 英語翻訳家 - ポルトガル語: punitivo
• 英語翻訳家 - ベンガル語: শাস্তিমূলক
• 英語翻訳家 - フランス語: punitif
• 英語翻訳家 - マレー語: Punitif
• 英語翻訳家 - ドイツ語: Straf-
• 英語翻訳家 - 日本語: 懲罰的な
• 英語翻訳家 - 韓国語: 처벌의
• 英語翻訳家 - ジャワ語: Punitive
• 英語翻訳家 - ベトナム語: trừng phạt
• 英語翻訳家 - タミル語: தண்டனை
• 英語翻訳家 - マラーティー語: दंडात्मक
• 英語翻訳家 - トルコ語: cezalandırıcı
• 英語翻訳家 - イタリア語: punitivo
• 英語翻訳家 - ポーランド語: karne
• 英語翻訳家 - ウクライナ語: каральна
• 英語翻訳家 - ルーマニア語: punitive
• 英語翻訳家 - ギリシャ語: τιμωρητική
• 英語翻訳家 - アフリカーンス語: strafmaatreëls
• 英語翻訳家 - スウェーデン語: bestraffande
• 英語翻訳家 - ノルウェー語: straff

英語での«PUNITIVE»の引用

punitiveという言葉で有名な引用文や文章

1

Kenneth Blackwell

Job creation requires a business friendly environment with a tax structure that is not punitive and a state government designed for efficient use of fewer tax dollars.

2

Arthur C. Brooks

We will have bigger bureaucracies, bigger labor unions, and bigger state-run corporations. It will be harder to be an entrepreneur because of punitive taxes and regulations. The rewards of success will be expropriated for the sake of attaining greater income equality.

3

John Cleese

God was treated like this powerful, erratic, rather punitive father who has to be pacified and praised. You know, flattered.

4

Letty Cottin Pogrebin

America is a nation fundamentally ambivalent about its children, often afraid of its children, and frequently punitive toward its children.

5

Romano Prodi

I don't want to pass a punitive law, or use politics as a vendetta.

6

Julius Streicher

There must be a punitive expedition against the Jews in Russia, a punitive expedition which will expect: death sentence and execution. Then the world will see the end of the Jews is also the end of Bolshevism.

«PUNITIVE»に関連する英語の本

以下の図書目録からpunitiveの使いかたを見つけましょう。punitiveに関する本と英語文献で使われた文脈を提供するための簡単な抜粋文。

Punitive Damages: How Juries Decide

Using a wealth of new experimental data, and offering a host of provocative findings, this book documents a wide range of systematic biases in jury behavior.

Cass R. Sunstein, Reid Hastie, John W. Payne, 2008

Sex Panic and the Punitive State

One evening, while watching the news, Roger N. Lancaster was startled by a report that a friend, a gay male school teacher, had been arrested for a sexually based crime.

Roger N. Lancaster, 2011

Punitive Damages and Business Torts: A Practitioner's Handbook

We will review in this chapter the measure of punitive damages in business tort cases. We will first consider who determines the amount of punitive damages and whether actual damages are a necessary predicate for the award of punitive ...

Thomas J. Collin, 1998

Punitive Damages: Common Law and Civil Law Perspectives

This text on the nature, role and suitability of punitive damages in tort and private law contains reports from some jurisdictions that award punitive damages and some that don’t.

Helmut Koziol, Vanessa Wilcox, 2011

Our Punitive Society: Race, Class, Gender and Punishment in ...

This brand new text identifies the macroeconomic forces relevant to imprisonmentpoverty and political powerlessnessand explores viable and humane alternatives to our current incarceration binge.

Randall G. Shelden, 2009

Punitive Damages: Empirical Findings

Based on cases that reached jury verdict in Cook County, Illinois, and San Francisco, California, from 1960 to 1984, this report presents analytically derived answers to questions surrounding the award of punitive damages: (1) how ...

Mark A. Peterson, Syam Sarma, Michael G. Shanley, 1987

Perceived Organizational Forgiveness and Punitive Intent

Keywords. Perceived organizational forgiveness, punitive intent, ethical decision-making

Rommel Salvador, 2008

Punitive war: confederate guerrillas and union reprisals

Together, all of these actions persuaded the Union to wage an increasingly punitive war. Clay Mountcastle presents a new look at the complex nature of guerrilla warfare in the Civil War and the Union Army's calculated response to it.

Clay Mountcastle, 2009

The Punitive State: Crime, Punishment, And Imprisonment ...

Some have addressed these variations, but most have done so by reference to imprisonment rates per capita. In this book, I argue that the imprisonment rate ultimately reflects the cumulative outcome of two different punitive approaches.

Natasha Frost, 2006

Theorizing Discrimination in an Era of Contested Prejudice: ...

The key ramification of this structure is that, in U.S. legal doctrine, punishing the violators of a law is at least as important as compensating the victims of crime, even when punitive damages are not at issue. Defendants who only pay restitution ...

Samuel Lucas, 2009

用語«PUNITIVE»を含むニュース項目

国内外の報道機関が語った内容や、次のニュース項目の文脈からpunitiveという用語がどのように使われているかを調べてみましょう。

Montana Supreme Court sends back $52 million case, foregoes …

Smith compared the punitive damages cap to a limit established in 1995 to keep noneconomic damages in medical malpractice cases below $250,000. «Fox Business, 7月 15»

Jury Awards $2 Million in Punitive Damages for Attempted Murder

With interest, the award now has been increased to $6,577,000 inclusive of the punitive damages awarded today. Javier van Oordt of the Santa Ana law firm of ... «PR Newswire, 6月 15»

Court Upholds $2.8M Compensation but Strikes Down Punitive …

But the appeals court overturned an additional $8.6 million punitive award levied against the congregation and the Jehovah's Witnesses headquarters ... «The San Francisco Appeal, 4月 15»

Judge Rules Ellen Pao Can Sue For Punitive Damages In Gender …

Punitive damages often run much higher than the awards designed to compensate plaintiffs for financial losses. The four-week trial on Pao's lawsuit has ... «Huffington Post, 3月 15»

Ellen Pao can sue Kleiner Perkins for punitive damages, rules judge

Ellen Pao is suing for both punitive and compensatory damages in her gender discrimination trial against the venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins. Today, Judge ... «The Verge, 3月 15»

Crisis: Next government should launch an urgent review of 'punitive …

A new report says that the next government should launch an urgent review of benefit sanctions because the current regime is "punitive and flawed". «ITV News, 3月 15»

Senate changes mind on punitive damages bill

CHARLESTON, W.Va. — Several members of the state Senate changed their minds Thursday and voted in favor of a bill (SB421) that caps punitive damages in ... «West Virginia MetroNews, 2月 15»

Takeda Told to Pay $1.3 Million in Actos Punitive Damages

(Bloomberg) -- A jury ordered Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. to pay $1.3 million in punitive damages to a former teacher who argued the drugmaker's Actos ... «Bloomberg, 2月 15»

Plaintiffs' lawyers for oil spill victims say BP should pay punitive …

Plaintiffs' lawyers argue BP should be forced to pay not just for direct damages to Gulf Coast states, businesses and individuals, but also additional punitive ... «NOLA.com, 12月 14»

Takeda, Lilly Win 99.6% Cut in Actos Punitive Damages

Oct. 28 (Bloomberg) -- Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. and Eli Lilly & Co. won a more than a 99 percent cut in a $9 billion punitive damages award over claims the ... «Bloomberg, 10月 14»