CO OZNACZA SŁOWO TOKENISM
Tokenizm
Tokenizm jest polityką lub praktyką podejmowania nieformalnego gestu na rzecz włączenia członków grup mniejszościowych. Ten wysiłek tokenu ma zazwyczaj wytworzyć wrażenie inkluzji i odrzucać oskarżenia o dyskryminację. Typowe przykłady to celowe zatrudnienie osoby nie-białej w białej okupacji lub kobiety w tradycyjnym męskim zawodzie. Klasycznie znaki tokeny mają mniejszą pojemność w porównaniu z innymi postaciami i mogą mieć mdłe lub nieprzyjemne osobowości, aby nie były oskarżane o stereotypy negatywnych cech. Alternatywnie, ich różnice mogą być zbytnio podkreślone lub "egzotyczne" i czarujące. W Ameryce praktyka i koncepcja stały się częścią kultury popularnej pod koniec lat pięćdziesiątych. Martin Luther King omówił ten temat w 1963 roku w książce Why We Can not Wait; W tym samym roku Malcolm X powiedziała wywiadowcy: "Jakie korzyści? Wszystko co dostałeś to tokenizm - jeden lub dwa Murzynki w pracy lub na lunchu, więc reszta będzie cicho.
Definicja słowa tokenism w słowniku
Definicja tokenizmu w słowniku jest praktyką polegającą na podejmowaniu jedynie symbolicznego wysiłku lub ograniczaniu się do minimum, szczególnie w celu zachowania zgodności z prawem.
KSIĄŻKI POWIĄZANE ZE SŁOWEM «TOKENISM»
Poznaj użycie słowa
tokenism w następujących pozycjach bibliograficznych Książki powiązane ze słowem
tokenism oraz krótkie ich fragmenty w celu przedstawienia kontekstu użycia w literaturze.
1
Children's Participation: From
Tokenism to Citizenship
The degree to which children should have a voice in anything is the subject of strongly divergent opinion.
2
Beyond
tokenism: parents as partners in literacy
Beyond Tokenism offers parents, teachers, and school administrators challenges, ideas, and directions for building positive parent partnerships in literacy education.
Trevor Cairney, Lynne Munsie,
1995
3
Handbook of Racial and Ethnic Minority Psychology
The. Psychology. of. Tokenism. Psychosocial. Realities. of. Faculty. of. Color.
REFERENCES Alexander-Snow, M., & Johnson, B. J. (1999). Perspectives from.
CHAPTER. 4. YOLANDA. FLORES. NIEMANN. Washington State University ...
4
Women@work No. 2: Women on Boards, Moving Beyond
Tokenism
Companies need to make moving beyond tokenism a strategic objective. Some
will argue that it is hard to find the right women with the required experience and
competencies. This argument seems increasingly less valid as women gain more
...
5
Dictionary of Race and Ethnic Relations
What tokenism suggests is that the presence of individual blacks who may be
prominent, or in prominent positions, in white institutional settings does not
necessarily indicate that: a) such individuals perform significant or influential
roles ...
6
Gender, Race, and Ethnicity in the Workplace: Legal, ...
.10. Tokenism. Theory: What. Happens. When. Few. Women. Work. with. Many.
Men. Mary B. Hogue and Janice D. Yoder The world of work is changing. More
women than ever before have entered the workforce, and increasing numbers of
...
Margaret Foegen Karsten,
2006
7
Feminist Research: Prospect and Retrospect
LORRAINE CODE Tokenism It is argued here tltat tokenism is negatively
evaluated by feminists be- cause ol its persistent association with individualistic
conceptions of sub- jectivity. As long as token women are expected to merge into
existing ...
Peta Tancred-Sheriff,
1988
8
The Psychology of Legitimacy: Emerging Perspectives on ...
However, more recent experiments, including the one just described (Wright &
Taylor, 1998, Experiment 1), demonstrate that using "real" categories as the
target of tokenism does not change the general preference for individual action.
John T. Jost, Brenda Major,
2001
9
Women in Public and Private Law Enforcement
Wertsch (1998) also examined tokenism as a barrier to advancement in policing
through interviews with women in a medium-sized Pacific Northwest city. This
work was an exploratory study of 16 women in the police organization that was ...
Kathryn E. Scarborough, Pamela Ann Collins,
2002
10
Race and Racism: Canada's Challenge
If, indeed, advantaged group members engage in tokenism with the express
purpose of discriminating against members of a disadvantaged group, then their
strategy appears to be highly effective. Permitting a small token number of
members ...
Leo Driedger, Shiva Halli,
2000
WIADOMOŚCI, KTÓRE ZAWIERAJĄ SŁOWO «TOKENISM»
Sprawdź, o czym dyskutuje się w prasie krajowej i zagranicznej oraz jak jest stosowane słowo
tokenism w wiadomościach.
RSS organ slams 'secular brigade' for iftar 'tokenism'
The editorial titled "The 'Secular' Tokenism" in the 'Organiser', said such rituals held in the name of secularism were "ridiculous" and the "tokenism" involved ... «Times of India, Lip 15»
Feast without fasting, or the politics of tokenism
So, tokenism is the poor imitation of the authentic rituals. Rituals need to be enacted in the right way and not over-politicized,” Shiv Vishwanathan, a social ... «Livemint, Lip 15»
Football needs more black managers but this Rooney Rule tokenism …
A manager I once knew referred 15 years ago to a player as a 'typical lazy black'. More recently a manager from the Barclays Premier League claimed in my ... «Daily Mail, Cze 15»
SBI, HDFC rate war is tokenism; customers unlikely to benefit hugely
1) It is all tokenism: One only needs to look at the details in the SBI press release to understand why this is a tokenism. SBI has said rate for women borrowers ... «Firstpost, Kwi 15»
Boardroom tokenism skirts the need for female skills
The most powerful posts in the financial world are held by women. Janet Yellen chairs the US Federal Reserve, and Christine Lagarde is managing director of ... «Financial Times, Mar 15»
UKIP youth leader attacks 'tokenism' in other parties
... has hit out at 'tokenism'. The leader of UKIP's youth wing has hit out at “tokenism” – after the head of his party's LGBT group quit. The chair of LGBTQ* in UKIP, ... «PinkNews, Lut 15»
Traveller TV: we deserve more than tokenism
Please, can we move on from platitudes of tokenism? As with other State bodies, the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland falls short of appreciating the experience ... «Irish Times, Lut 15»
The Baftas don't even bother with tokenism any more
The Baftas' lack of ethnic minorities and working-class people used at least to play on the organisers' conscience. Now they've taken a step back from that. «The Guardian, Lut 15»
George North match assessment 'tokenism', says Dr Barry O'Driscoll
But Dr O'Driscoll said: "The five to 10 minute assessment he [North] had is meaningless, it's tokenism. "The actual regulations at this level say that if you suspect ... «BBC News, Lut 15»
Women Need to Get Fair Deal, Tokenism Aside
A striking feature of this year's Republic Day parade and US president Barack Obama's three-day visit was the display of woman power. The Guard of Honour ... «The New Indian Express, Sty 15»