CE ÎNSEAMNĂ IONIZATION ÎN ENGLEZĂ?
ionizare
Ionizarea este procesul prin care un atom sau o moleculă dobândește o sarcină negativă sau pozitivă prin câștigarea sau pierderea electronilor. Ionizarea rezultă din interacțiunea unui atom sau a unei molecule cu particule sub atomice sau cu unde electromagnetice pe capătul scurt al lungimii de undă a spectrului electromagnetic care are suficientă energie cinetică pentru a provoca ionizarea. Ionizarea poate să apară în absența unei influențe externe prin procesul de conversie internă, prin care un nucleu excitat își transferă energia către unul dintre electronii din interiorul coajă și îl eliberează cu o energie cinetică ridicată. Procesul de ionizare prezintă un interes deosebit pentru știința fundamentală. Se întâlnește, de asemenea, în multe domenii de interes practic, variind de la spectroscopia de masă până la radioterapia pentru eliminarea celulelor canceroase. Evident, toate aspectele procesului de ionizare nu pot fi abordate într-un singur articol enciclopedic. Aici, ionizarea este descrisă prin invocarea cazului simplu al unui atom în câmpul laser puternic. Cazul este supus unui tratament analitic și reprezintă principalele caracteristici ale procesului.
Definiția ionization în dicționarul Engleză
Definiția ionizării în dicționar este formarea ionilor ca urmare a reacției chimice, a temperaturii înalte, a descărcărilor electrice, a coliziunilor particulelor sau a radiațiilor.
CITATE ÎN ENGLEZĂ CU «IONIZATION»
Citate renumite și propoziții cu cuvântul
ionization.
Measurements of the specific ionization of both the positive and negative particles, by counting the number of droplets per unit length along the tracks, showed the great majority of both the positive and negative particles to possess unit electric charge.
Simultaneous recording with superimposed ionization chambers and Wilson chambers, ionization chambers and sets of counting tubes, has not yet been carried out.
My first project was to build an ionization gauge control circuit for Professor Edgar Everhart's Cockcroft-Walton accelerator. In those days, vacuum tubes were the active components in electronic circuits. I can still recall the warm orange glow of the vacuum tube filaments and the cool blue glow of the thyratron tubes.
The removal of an electron from the surface of an atom - that is, the ionization of the atom - means a fundamental structural change in its surface layer.
CĂRȚI ÎN ENGLEZĂ ÎN LEGĂTURĂ CU «IONIZATION»
Descoperă întrebuințarea
ionization în următoarea selecție bibliografică. Cărți în legătură cu
ionization și extrase din aceasta pentru a furniza contextul de întrebuințare al acestuia în literatura Engleză.
1
Ionization Methods in Organic Mass Spectrometry
Concentrating on instrumental operation, this book gives step-by-step instructions on how to set up, and how to achieve the best results, using a range of ionization methods, including atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, electrospray ...
2
Chemical
Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Second Edition
The only comprehensive guide to CIMS applications in structural elucidation and analytical studies Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry, 2nd Edition, provides a comprehensive, up-to-date review of CIMS applications in structural ...
3
Analysis of Excitation and
Ionization of Atoms and Molecules ...
This volume details the latest measurements of partial and total doubly differential cross-sections for the multiple ionization of rare gas atoms by electron impact.
Afzal Chaudhry, Hans Kleinpoppen,
2010
4
Fundamentals of Plasma Physics
DEGREE OF IONIZATION IN EQUILIBRIUM AND THE SAHA EQUATION From
the methods of statistical mechanics we can determine the degree of ionization in
a gas in thermal equilibrium at some temperature T, without considering the ...
5
Field Emissions and Field
Ionization
Market: Students and researchers in vacuum and surface science, microscopy, and semiconductor physics. This definitive work was based on four lectures presented at Harvard University in 1958.
6
Electrospray
ionization mass spectrometry: fundamentals, ...
In this book, Richard B. Cole and an assemblage of leading researchers present a single-volume compilation of different approaches to the understanding and exploitation of ESI-MS. This comprehensive guide: * Examines the physical and ...
7
Ionic Surgery in the Treatment of Cancer, with a Chapter on ...
We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.
George Betton Massey,
2008
Rate coefficients of ionization by direct electron impact in molecular gases (C02 ,
H2 , N2-H2 , CO) as a function of reduced electric field. (£/n0)'1010, V-crn^ the
molecules. As a result, all the atoms inside a molecule can be considered as ...
9
Thin-Layer Chromatography with Flame
Ionization Detection
The combustion of organic substances leads to such an increase in the flame
temperature that some species exceed their ionization threshold and are ionized.
This thermionization yields, for example, NO+ ions from the combustion of
nitrogen ...
10
Laser
ionization mass analysis
Redefines laser ionization's place in analytical chemistry along with the discovery of several new techniques and their promising applications including laser-solid interaction which is used in diamond synthesis, high temperature ...
Akos Vertes, Renaat Gijbels, Freddy Adams,
1993
ȘTIRI NOI CARE INCLUD TERMENUL «IONIZATION»
Află ce ziare naționale și internaționale au scris despre și cum este întrebuințat termenul
ionization în contextul următoarelor știri.
Joseph D'Aleo: More Risk on the Downside — The Patriot Post
... geomagnetic activity that causes the ionization heating and displays called the “aurora,” and solar wind modulated galactic cosmic rays that ... «Patriot Post, Iul 15»
Chemistry, The Numbers Game: Subscripts and Superscripts
Sometimes a superscript is used in connection with atomic charge or ionization. Some atoms lose an electron or electrons and bear a positive ... «Decoded Science, Iul 15»
US NRL Acquires Cameca 4000X Si Local Electrode Atom Probe for …
... is sufficient to cause removal of atoms by ionization. Atom evaporation is triggered either by a voltage or laser pulse applied to the sample. «AZoNano.com, Iul 15»
Naval Research Laboratory takes LEAP in next-gen materials design
... field evaporation, whereby a strong electric field is applied to the sharply pointed specimen sufficient to cause removal of atoms by ionization. «ECNmag.com, Iul 15»
Comparing the Performance of Various Activated Carbon (AC …
The online MS was used to measure the CO generated with an electron ionization voltage of 0-220eV. Figure 1. TPO-CO2 profiles of the used ... «Azom.com, Iul 15»
Proton Therapy Market to Grow at 9.50% CAGR to 2018 Forecasts a …
Proton therapy uses the ionization technique to inhibit cell proliferation. Protons move slowly through the body and interact with electrons and ... «DOTmed.com, Iul 15»
Brian O'Neill: The view from a Downtown Macy's worker
He tried finding similar work, but, as he put it, “you don't see 'matrix-assisted, laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectronomic tissue ... «Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Iul 15»
Five ideas in chemical education that must die
Nevertheless, the solution is still neutral, since whatever the temperature, the self-ionization of water results in equal amounts of H+ and OH− ... «Royal Society of Chemistry, Iul 15»
Gas Analyzer, Sensor and Detector Market by Technology, by …
... Zirconia, Paramagnetic, Laser, Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS), Photo Ionization Detection (PID), and others. Each technology has its own ... «MarketWatch, Iul 15»
Lightning strikes getting old for Ford County sheriff
Earlier in the month, Doran gave the Ford County Public Building Commission information about new “de-ionization” technology that could help ... «Paxton Record, Iul 15»