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The commonest error made in relation to poetry is that it consists simply in verse-making. Many confound the casket of meter and rhyme with the jewel of thought which it encloses, and, perhaps, in some instances, after close investigation, they have found the casket empty and turned away with feelings of disappointment and disgust.
Orson F. Whitney

Meaning of "confound" in the English dictionary

Dictionary
DICTIONARY
section

ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD CONFOUND

From Old French confondre, from Latin confundere to mingle, pour together, from fundere to pour.
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Etymology is the study of the origin of words and their changes in structure and significance.
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PRONUNCIATION OF CONFOUND

confound  [kənˈfaʊnd] play
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF CONFOUND

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Confound is a verb.
The verb is the part of the sentence that is conjugated and expresses action and state of being.

See the conjugation of the verb confound in English.

WHAT DOES CONFOUND MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Confounding

In statistics, a confounding variable is an extraneous variable in a statistical model that correlates with both the dependent variable and the independent variable. A perceived relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable that has been misestimated due to the failure to account for a confounding factor is termed a spurious relationship, and the presence of misestimation for this reason is termed omitted-variable bias. In the case of risk assessments evaluating the magnitude and nature of risk to human health, it is important to control for confounding to isolate the effect of a particular hazard such as a food additive, pesticide, or new drug. For prospective studies, it is difficult to recruit and screen for volunteers with the same background, and in historical studies, there can be similar variability. Due to the inability to control for variability of volunteers and human studies, confounding is a particular challenge. For these reasons, experiments offer a way to avoid most forms of confounding. As an example, suppose that there is a statistical relationship between ice-cream consumption and number of drowning deaths for a given period.

Definition of confound in the English dictionary

The first definition of confound in the dictionary is to astound or perplex; bewilder. Other definition of confound is to mix up; confuse. Confound is also to treat mistakenly as similar to or identical with.

CONJUGATION OF THE VERB TO CONFOUND

PRESENT

Present
I confound
you confound
he/she/it confounds
we confound
you confound
they confound
Present continuous
I am confounding
you are confounding
he/she/it is confounding
we are confounding
you are confounding
they are confounding
Present perfect
I have confounded
you have confounded
he/she/it has confounded
we have confounded
you have confounded
they have confounded
Present perfect continuous
I have been confounding
you have been confounding
he/she/it has been confounding
we have been confounding
you have been confounding
they have been confounding
Present tense is used to refer to circumstances that exist at the present time or over a period that includes the present time. The present perfect refers to past events, although it can be considered to denote primarily the resulting present situation rather than the events themselves.

PAST

Past
I confounded
you confounded
he/she/it confounded
we confounded
you confounded
they confounded
Past continuous
I was confounding
you were confounding
he/she/it was confounding
we were confounding
you were confounding
they were confounding
Past perfect
I had confounded
you had confounded
he/she/it had confounded
we had confounded
you had confounded
they had confounded
Past perfect continuous
I had been confounding
you had been confounding
he/she/it had been confounding
we had been confounding
you had been confounding
they had been confounding
Past tense forms express circumstances existing at some time in the past,

FUTURE

Future
I will confound
you will confound
he/she/it will confound
we will confound
you will confound
they will confound
Future continuous
I will be confounding
you will be confounding
he/she/it will be confounding
we will be confounding
you will be confounding
they will be confounding
Future perfect
I will have confounded
you will have confounded
he/she/it will have confounded
we will have confounded
you will have confounded
they will have confounded
Future perfect continuous
I will have been confounding
you will have been confounding
he/she/it will have been confounding
we will have been confounding
you will have been confounding
they will have been confounding
The future is used to express circumstances that will occur at a later time.

CONDITIONAL

Conditional
I would confound
you would confound
he/she/it would confound
we would confound
you would confound
they would confound
Conditional continuous
I would be confounding
you would be confounding
he/she/it would be confounding
we would be confounding
you would be confounding
they would be confounding
Conditional perfect
I would have confound
you would have confound
he/she/it would have confound
we would have confound
you would have confound
they would have confound
Conditional perfect continuous
I would have been confounding
you would have been confounding
he/she/it would have been confounding
we would have been confounding
you would have been confounding
they would have been confounding
Conditional or "future-in-the-past" tense refers to hypothetical or possible actions.

IMPERATIVE

Imperative
you confound
we let´s confound
you confound
The imperative is used to form commands or requests.
NONFINITE VERB FORMS
Infinitive
to confound
Past participle
confounded
Present Participle
confounding
Infinitive shows the action beyond temporal perspective. The present participle or gerund shows the action during the session. The past participle shows the action after completion.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH CONFOUND


around
əˈraʊnd
background
ˈbækˌɡraʊnd
bound
baʊnd
cofound
ˌkəʊˈfaʊnd
compound
ˈkɒmpaʊnd
dumbfound
dʌmˈfaʊnd
dumfound
dʌmˈfaʊnd
found
faʊnd
ground
ɡraʊnd
hound
haʊnd
lost-and-found
ˌlɒstənˈfaʊnd
outbound
ˈaʊtˌbaʊnd
playground
ˈpleɪˌɡraʊnd
pound
paʊnd
profound
prəˈfaʊnd
refound
riːˈfaʊnd
round
raʊnd
sound
saʊnd
underground
ˈʌndəˌɡraʊnd
unfound
ʌnˈfaʊnd

WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE CONFOUND

conformability
conformable
conformableness
conformably
conformal
conformance
conformation
conformational
conformational analysis
conformer
conformingly
conformism
conformist
conformities
conformity
confoundable
confounded
confoundedly
confounder
confoundingly

WORDS THAT END LIKE CONFOUND

all-around
all found
all-round
break new ground
campground
fall to the ground
foreground
get off the ground
into the ground
lost and found
mound
new-found
the high ground
the Sound
to the ground
ultrasound
unsound
well-found
wound
year-round

Synonyms and antonyms of confound in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

SYNONYMS OF «CONFOUND»

The following words have a similar or identical meaning as «confound» and belong to the same grammatical category.
synonyms of confound

Translation of «confound» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF CONFOUND

Find out the translation of confound to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of confound from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «confound» in English.

Translator English - Chinese

使吃惊
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English - Spanish

confundir
570 millions of speakers

English

confound
510 millions of speakers

Translator English - Hindi

उलझाना
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

نخلط
280 millions of speakers

Translator English - Russian

посрамить
278 millions of speakers

Translator English - Portuguese

desconcertar
270 millions of speakers

Translator English - Bengali

হতবুদ্ধি করা
260 millions of speakers

Translator English - French

confondre
220 millions of speakers

Translator English - Malay

Mengeluh
190 millions of speakers

Translator English - German

verblüffen
180 millions of speakers

Translator English - Japanese

困惑させる
130 millions of speakers

Translator English - Korean

난처하게 하다
85 millions of speakers

Translator English - Javanese

Bingung
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

làm sai
80 millions of speakers

Translator English - Tamil

குழப்புவது
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Marathi

गोंधळ
75 millions of speakers

Translator English - Turkish

karıştırmak
70 millions of speakers

Translator English - Italian

sconcertare
65 millions of speakers

Translator English - Polish

zawstydzić
50 millions of speakers

Translator English - Ukrainian

осоромити
40 millions of speakers

Translator English - Romanian

confunda
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

συγχύσει
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

verwar
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

förbrylla
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

forvirre
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of confound

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «CONFOUND»

The term «confound» is regularly used and occupies the 60.752 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
0
100%
FREQUENCY
Regularly used
72
/100
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «confound» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of confound
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «confound».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «CONFOUND» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «confound» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «confound» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about confound

EXAMPLES

8 QUOTES WITH «CONFOUND»

Famous quotes and sentences with the word confound.
1
Geraldine Brooks
And one of the things that I learned was you can't generalise at all about a woman in a veil. You can't think you know her story, because she will confound you over and over again. She may be an engineer or a diplomat or a doctor. Or she may be an unbelievable babe with bleached hair down to her waist.
2
Ariel Dorfman
Life may unfold chronologically for the body and for bureaucracies that keep track of such things as births, marriages, deaths, visas, tax returns, expulsions, and identity cards, but memory does not play this game in quite the same way, always manages to confound the desire for tidiness.
3
Maria Montessori
The task of the educator lies in seeing that the child does not confound good with immobility and evil with activity.
4
John Millington Synge
Lord, confound this surly sister, blight her brow with blotch and blister, cramp her larynx, lung and liver, in her guts a galling give her.
5
Orson F. Whitney
The commonest error made in relation to poetry is that it consists simply in verse-making. Many confound the casket of meter and rhyme with the jewel of thought which it encloses, and, perhaps, in some instances, after close investigation, they have found the casket empty and turned away with feelings of disappointment and disgust.
6
Kit Williams
You see, my ambition was not to confound the engineering world but simply to create a beautiful piece of art.
7
Henry Wotton
Tell the truth so as to puzzle and confound your adversaries.
8
William Wycherley
Bluster, sputter, question, cavil; but be sure your argument be intricate enough to confound the court.

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «CONFOUND»

Discover the use of confound in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to confound and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
The Beauty of Short Hops: How Chance and Circumstance ...
"This critical text exposes the fatal flaws of sabermetrics, demonstrating how it fails on its own terms, as it cannot evaluate baseball in terms of social science and offers only limited guidance for assembling a team and managing games.
Sheldon Hirsch, Alan Hirsch, 2011
2
Flora's Fury: How a Girl of Spirit and a Red Dog Confound ...
Despite her troublesome attraction to magick, Flora has more or less spent her life doing what’s been expected of her.
Ysabeau S. Wilce, 2012
3
The Catholic Verses: 95 Bible Passages That Confound Protestants
These are the verses that have drawn so many serious believers -- including Armstrong -- out of their Protestant congregations and into the Catholic Church.
Dave Armstrong, 2004
4
Mindf*Cks: Over 800 Ways to Confound, Confuse, and Abuse
For those who enjoy messing with other people’s heads — or who wish to channel his or her inner performance artist — this irreverent guide is the perfect companion.
Justin Heimberg, David Gomberg, 2008
5
Lobcocks and Fartleberries: 18th-Century Insults to Confound ...
Presents a collection of insults and rude words that were used in the eighteenth century.
Francis Grose, 2011
6
Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation
THE BRIGHTNESS CONFOUND In my room I am surrounded by objects of different colors. It is easy to say what color they are. But if I were asked what color I am now seeing from here at, say, this place on my table, I couldn't answer; the place ...
Brian Massumi, 2002
7
Tangram Puzzles: 466 Tricky Shapes to Confound and Astound
Solve the mysterious Tangram: a square divided into seven shapes that can be rearranged in hundreds of figures and forms. Use the seven high-quality wooden pieces that are packaged inside this book.
Chris Crawford, 2012
8
Schizophrenic Psychology: New Research
This difficulty, known as the psychometric confound, occurs because mental disorders such as schizophrenia usually result in impairments across many tasks, and some of these impairments may appear larger simply because a task has ...
Douglas P. French, 2006
9
An Introduction to Botany: Containing an Explanation of the ...
Corn * Confound, (confolida) a name formerly given te certain volunerary plants, irom their power of conglatinating and confolidatmg the parts ; as fymphytum, f_comfrey} was called confolida major, or greater conf ound, &c. Corn flag Corn ...
James Lee, Charles Stewart, 1799
10
CRC Handbook of Combinatorial Designs
D is confounded with blocks. For 3, the main effects of A. B, C are all confounded with blocks. Blocks of size 12: confound / = ABC; aliasing: A = BC, D = ABCD; generators: (1100). (1011); coset representative: (1000). Blocks of size 6: confound: ...
Charles J. Colbourn, 1996

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «CONFOUND»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term confound is used in the context of the following news items.
1
UFC banking on Conor McGregor to become the poster boy for a …
... opponent many have predicted would stifle the Dubliner, may go a long way to helping the Notorious one confound those who remain critical ... «Irish Independent, Jul 15»
2
Leie showcases his 'flair' on debut
In his next over, Leie found significant turn - enough to confound Bangladesh's two best batsmen, Shakib Al Hasan and Mushfiqur Rahim - and ... «ESPNcricinfo.com, Jul 15»
3
Passenger Mutations Can Skew Results
FLICKR, STEFANOPassenger mutations—unwanted alterations that accompany intentional genetic modifications—can confound experiments ... «The Scientist, Jul 15»
4
Ben Vaughn: Tasting is believing — five unexpectedly great food …
... of great combinations of food that while your brain may be screaming “this isn't a thing,” your mouth is there to confound your sensibilities. «Las Vegas Sun, Jul 15»
5
Is Equity Crowdfunding Turning into a Mirage?
Regulation A+ may confound the skeptics and become a meaningful, inclusive channel for private companies to raise money from accredited ... «Institutional Investor, Jul 15»
6
Alessandro Serenelli: Sinner for Our Time?
For Christ's sake, why? The facts of Serenelli's case confound many go-to explanations for juvenile delinquency — at least the traditional ones. «Patheos, Jul 15»
7
Balancing costs and benefits at different stages of medical …
Other aspects can confound the simple trade-off in QALYs. Apart from costs and medical benefit, many other aspects e.g. severity of disease ... «BMC Blogs Network, Jul 15»
8
For surprise hit Tangerine, iPhone the movie camera of choice
... though Baker is still enthusiastic about smartphone filming, he concedes that a change might be required simply to confound expectations. «SlashGear, Jul 15»
9
Review: Pirate Book Is True Treasure
Yes, Bannister had become a real-life pirate, and he knew enough about shipping corridors to confound merchants and authorities alike. «Times Record, Jul 15»
10
Patriotic or Patronizing?: English Soccer Bosses Take Heat for …
The idea that women play top-level sports, too, still seems to confound some people. The Women's World Cup, which wrapped up Sunday with ... «NBCNews.com, Jul 15»

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Confound [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/confound>. Apr 2024 ».
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