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rough
" Carrying those double tanks around all the time got to be a little rough on me. I had to put that damn wetsuit on and take it off, sometimes three or four times a day."
Lloyd Bridges

Meaning of "rough" in the English dictionary

DICTIONARY

ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD ROUGH

Old English rūh; related to Old Norse ruksa, Middle Dutch rūge, rūwe, German rauh.
Etymology is the study of the origin of words and their changes in structure and significance.

PRONUNCIATION OF ROUGH

rʌf


GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF ROUGH

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
determiner
exclamation
Rough is a verb and can also act as a noun, an adjective and an adverb.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

The adjective is the word that accompanies the noun to determine or qualify it.

The verb is the part of the sentence that is conjugated and expresses action and state of being.

See the conjugation of the verb rough in English.



The adverb is an invariable part of the sentence that can change, explain or simplify a verb or another adverb.

WHAT DOES ROUGH MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Definition of rough in the English dictionary

The first definition of rough in the dictionary is not smooth; uneven or irregular. Other definition of rough is covered with scrub, boulders, etc. Rough is also denoting or taking place on uncultivated ground.



CONJUGATION OF THE VERB TO ROUGH

PRESENT

Present
I rough
you rough
he/she/it roughs
we rough
you rough
they rough
Present continuous
I am roughing
you are roughing
he/she/it is roughing
we are roughing
you are roughing
they are roughing
Present perfect
I have roughed
you have roughed
he/she/it has roughed
we have roughed
you have roughed
they have roughed
Present perfect continuous
I have been roughing
you have been roughing
he/she/it has been roughing
we have been roughing
you have been roughing
they have been roughing
Present tense is used to refer to circumstances that exist at the present time or over a period that includes the present time. The present perfect refers to past events, although it can be considered to denote primarily the resulting present situation rather than the events themselves.

PAST

Past
I roughed
you roughed
he/she/it roughed
we roughed
you roughed
they roughed
Past continuous
I was roughing
you were roughing
he/she/it was roughing
we were roughing
you were roughing
they were roughing
Past perfect
I had roughed
you had roughed
he/she/it had roughed
we had roughed
you had roughed
they had roughed
Past perfect continuous
I had been roughing
you had been roughing
he/she/it had been roughing
we had been roughing
you had been roughing
they had been roughing
Past tense forms express circumstances existing at some time in the past,

FUTURE

Future
I will rough
you will rough
he/she/it will rough
we will rough
you will rough
they will rough
Future continuous
I will be roughing
you will be roughing
he/she/it will be roughing
we will be roughing
you will be roughing
they will be roughing
Future perfect
I will have roughed
you will have roughed
he/she/it will have roughed
we will have roughed
you will have roughed
they will have roughed
Future perfect continuous
I will have been roughing
you will have been roughing
he/she/it will have been roughing
we will have been roughing
you will have been roughing
they will have been roughing
The future is used to express circumstances that will occur at a later time.

CONDITIONAL

Conditional
I would rough
you would rough
he/she/it would rough
we would rough
you would rough
they would rough
Conditional continuous
I would be roughing
you would be roughing
he/she/it would be roughing
we would be roughing
you would be roughing
they would be roughing
Conditional perfect
I would have rough
you would have rough
he/she/it would have rough
we would have rough
you would have rough
they would have rough
Conditional perfect continuous
I would have been roughing
you would have been roughing
he/she/it would have been roughing
we would have been roughing
you would have been roughing
they would have been roughing
Conditional or "future-in-the-past" tense refers to hypothetical or possible actions.

IMPERATIVE

Imperative
you rough
we let´s rough
you rough
The imperative is used to form commands or requests.
NONFINITE VERB FORMS
Infinitive
to rough
Past participle
roughed
Present Participle
roughing
Infinitive shows the action beyond temporal perspective. The present participle or gerund shows the action during the session. The past participle shows the action after completion.

WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE ROUGH

rough as bags · rough as sacks · rough breathing · rough collie · rough copy · rough diamond · rough draft · rough fish · rough it · rough justice · rough music · rough on · rough out · rough paper · rough passage · rough puff pastry · rough sleeper · rough spin · rough stuff

WORDS THAT END LIKE ROUGH

although · as though · borough · breakthrough · click through · click-through · cough · dough · enough · get through · go through · hough · pass-through · Peterborough · Scarborough · the rough · thorough · though · through · tough

Synonyms and antonyms of rough in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

SYNONYMS OF «ROUGH»

The following words have a similar or identical meaning as «rough» and belong to the same grammatical category.
aggressive · agitated · amorphous · approximate · arduous · austere · ballpark · basic · bearish · below par · bluff · blunt · bogan · boisterous · bristly · broken · bruiser · brusque · brutal · bumpy · bushy · cacophonous · casual · choppy · churlish · coarse · cougan · craggy · crook · crude · cruel · cursory · curt · difficult · discordant · discourteous · dishevelled · disordered · draft · drastic · estimated · foggy · formless · fuzzy · general · grating · gruff · hairy · hard · harsh · hasty · hazy · hoon · husky · ill · ill-bred · ill-mannered · imperfect · impolite · imprecise · inclement · incomplete · inconsiderate · indelicate · inexact · inharmonious · irregular · jagged · jarring · lager lout · loutish · mock-up · nasty · ned · off colour · outline · poorly · primitive · quick · rasping · raucous · raw · rocky · rotten · rough-and-ready · rough-hewn · roughneck · rowdy · rude · rudimentary · ruffian · rugged · rustic · scozza · severe · shaggy · shapeless · sharp · sick · simple · sketchy · squally · stony · stormy · suggestion · tangled · tempestuous · thug · tough · tousled · turbulent · two-fisted · unceremonious · uncivil · uncomfortable · uncouth · uncultured · uncut · under the weather · undressed · uneven · unfeeling · unfinished · ungracious · unhewn · unjust · unmannerly · unmusical · unpleasant · unpolished · unprocessed · unrefined · unrestrained · unshaven · unshorn · untutored · unwell · unwrought · upset · vague · vicious · wild

Translation of «rough» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR

TRANSLATION OF ROUGH

Find out the translation of rough to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.

The translations of rough from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «rough» in English.
zh

Translator English - Chinese

粗糙的
1,325 millions of speakers
es

Translator English - Spanish

áspero
570 millions of speakers
en

English

rough
510 millions of speakers
hi

Translator English - Hindi

किसी न किसी
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator English - Arabic

خَشِن
280 millions of speakers
ru

Translator English - Russian

грубый
278 millions of speakers
pt

Translator English - Portuguese

áspero
270 millions of speakers
bn

Translator English - Bengali

মোটামুটি
260 millions of speakers
fr

Translator English - French

rugueux
220 millions of speakers
ms

Translator English - Malay

Kasar
190 millions of speakers
de

Translator English - German

uneben
180 millions of speakers
ja

Translator English - Japanese

粗い
130 millions of speakers
ko

Translator English - Korean

거친
85 millions of speakers
jv

Translator English - Javanese

Atos
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator English - Vietnamese

ráp
80 millions of speakers
ta

Translator English - Tamil

கடினமான
75 millions of speakers
mr

Translator English - Marathi

खडबडीत
75 millions of speakers
tr

Translator English - Turkish

kaba
70 millions of speakers
it

Translator English - Italian

grossolano
65 millions of speakers
pl

Translator English - Polish

szorstki
50 millions of speakers
uk

Translator English - Ukrainian

шорсткий
40 millions of speakers
ro

Translator English - Romanian

aspru
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator English - Greek

τραχύς
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator English - Afrikaans

rowwe
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator English - Swedish

grov
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator English - Norwegian

ru
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of rough

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «ROUGH»

Principal search tendencies and common uses of rough
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «rough».

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about rough

EXAMPLES

10 QUOTES WITH «ROUGH»

Famous quotes and sentences with the word rough.
1
Cristela Alonzo
I always knew, even as a kid, that my mom had a really rough life, and I always wanted to make her feel happy and to make her feel good.
2
Colin Angle
At the World Cup, there is a constant risk that you might find a bag or some object that has been left behind, and no one is quite sure what it is. To bring in a full bomb-disposal team for each item can be very time-consuming. The PackBot can go over rough terrain, climb stairs, pick things up, and also be operated from a safe distance.
3
Jennifer Aniston
I've gone for each type: the rough guy; the nerdy, sweet, lovable guy; and the slick guy. I don't really have a type. Men in general are a good thing.
4
Sean Bean
A common misperception of me is... that I am a tough, rough northerner, which I suppose I am really. But I'm pretty mild-mannered most of the time. It's the parts that you play I guess. I don't mind it. I'm not a tough guy. I'd like to act as a fair, easy-going, kind man at some point.
5
Bjork
Compared to America or Europe, God isn't a big part of our lives here. I don't know anyone here who goes to church when he's had a rough divorce or is going through depression. We go out into nature instead.
6
Benjamin Booker
Music helped me to get out of a rough period in my life when I really struggled to see any future for myself and was terrified about what was happening to the people around me.
7
Lloyd Bridges
Carrying those double tanks around all the time got to be a little rough on me. I had to put that damn wetsuit on and take it off, sometimes three or four times a day.
8
Craig Brown
As a rough rule of thumb, I would say the smaller the pond, the more belligerent the fish.
9
Thomas Browne
Rough diamonds may sometimes be mistaken for worthless pebbles.
10
Marcus Buckingham
Born of the impossibly varied options we have to amuse ourselves, cutting-edge companies are finding innovative ways to tailor our entertainment choices to who we are, relieving us of the burden of finding the diamond in the rough of 500 TV channels or thousands of movies and music albums released every year.

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «ROUGH»

Discover the use of rough in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to rough and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
The Rough Guide to Opera
The Rough Guide to Opera is a unique handbook on the most thrilling of art forms, spanning four hundred years of music drama.
Matthew Boyden, Nick Kimberley, Joe Staines, 2002
2
The Rough Guide to Japan
THE ROUGH GUIDE TO JAPAN is the definitive guide to this intriguing country.
Jan Dodd, Simon Richmond, 2001
3
Rough Sets: Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning About Data
To-date computers are supposed to store and exploit knowledge.
Z. Pawlak, 1991
4
Living Rough
In most ways, Poe is like the other kids in his school.
Cristy Watson, 2011
5
Rough Waters
When their parents are killed in a car accident, Scott and his brother Gregg are sent to live with an uncle they never knew they had.
S. L. Rottman, 1997
6
Rough Trade
Rough Trade looks back on three fascinating decades of innovation, noise and change, taking in ups and downs, twists and turns and some of the best music ever committed to vinyl.
Rob Young, 2006
7
The Rough Guide to Rock
Compiles career biographies of over 1,200 artists and rock music reviews written by fans covering every phase of rock from R&B through punk and rap.
Peter Buckley, 2003
8
New York City
Written by New York natives, this guide zeros in on Manhattan, the city's crown jewel, and its world-class museums, restaurants, clubs, and hotels, and then goes on to the rich and diverse outer boroughs, digging up the less obvious charms. ...
Martin Dunford, Jack Holland, 2002
9
The Rough Guide to Moscow
This third edition of the Rough Guide to Moscow is the definitive guide to Russia's dynamic capital.
Dan Richardson, 2001
10
Rough, Raw and Ready
Torn between the love he has…and the love he’s always wanted.
Lorelei James, 2008

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «ROUGH»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term rough is used in the context of the following news items.
1
Rough play, not 'heading' not primary cause of soccer concussions
But a 9-year study of U.S high school games suggests that limiting rough play ... Rough play has become more common at all levels of soccer, but it violates ... «6abc.com, Jul 15»
2
Hackney council in east London drops threat to fine rough sleepers
Hackney council has amended an order that threatened rough sleepers with ... of April meant rough sleepers in some areas of the east London borough could ... «The Guardian, Jun 15»
3
Rough surf off Florida: At least 3 missing in waters while 1 missing …
MIAMI – Rough surf churned up dangerous conditions from swimmers and complicated rescue efforts along Florida beaches over a holiday weekend in which at ... «Fox News, May 15»
4
Leicester to get Rough Ride in first pro game in US
Leicester, 10-times English champions, will play the NRFL's Rough Riders, a team of former NFL athletes, college football players and collegiate, club and ... «Reuters, Apr 15»
5
Bobbi Kristina Brown: Father Bobby Opens Up About 'Rough Times'
"Rough times are rough times. Hard times are hard times. I don't know what the hell I'm going through right now, but I'm giving it to God and letting him deal with ... «ABC News, Apr 15»
6
England paceman Liam Plunkett ready to 'rough up' West Indies …
Liam Plunkett has promised to “rough up” the West Indies with raw pace and bring the speed gun out of hibernation. Plunkett, 29, is back in Test contention after ... «mirror.co.uk, Apr 15»
7
Braves ace Teheran not fazed by rough start
Braves ace Teheran not fazed by rough start photo Curtis Compton. Braves right-hander Julio Teheran. Curtis Compton / ccompton@ajc.com. Another mitigating ... «Atlanta Journal Constitution, Mar 15»
8
Cologne's Ujah apologizes to goat for rough treatment
I was a bit too rough on him," Ujah wrote on Twitter and Facebook while also posting a photo of him pulling the goat. The club also saw the humorous side of the ... «Reuters, Mar 15»
9
Rough sleeping rises 55 per cent under Coalition
London was found to have 742 people sleeping rough on any one night, accounting for around a quarter of the national figure. This was an increase of 37% on ... «Telegraph.co.uk, Feb 15»
10
Anti-homeless spikes: 'Sleeping rough opened my eyes to the city's …
And yet, we don't see as many people sleeping rough as in previous economic downturns. Have our cities become better at hiding poverty, or have we become ... «The Guardian, Feb 15»
REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Rough [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/rough>. May 2024 ».
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