Gothic
Gothic is a stage in the history of Western art which, from a chronological point of view, begins roughly in the mid-twelfth century in northern France, then spread throughout Europe and ends in some areas, even beyond the 16th century, to leave its place to the classical inspirational architectural language, recovered in the Italian Renaissance and hence irradiated in the rest of the continent from the fifteenth century. Gothic was a European phenomenon of very complex and varied features, which involved all sectors of artistic production, bringing great developments also in so-called minor arts: goldsmith, miniature, ivory carvings, stained glass, fabrics, etc. The official birth of the style is identified in architecture, with the construction of the chorus of the Saint-Denis Abbey in Paris, consecrated in 1144. From the Ile-de-France novelties spread in different ways and times in England, Germany, Spain, Italy, Austria, Bohemia, Hungary, Scandinavia, Poland, Transylvania, Moldova, diversifying and adapting to a large number of commissions and different purposes.