10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «PLANULOID»
Discover the use of
planuloid in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to
planuloid and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
Ctenophora Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Planuloids Porifera Placozoa Blastaea
Choanoflagellata fig. 13.7 A planuloid hypothesis of bilaterian origins. It now
seemslikely that the spongespre- ceded the planuloid, and that placozoans arose
later, ...
2
Biology: Investigating Life on Earth
This hypothetical animal is called a planuloid and is very similar to the larval form
of some animal groups (Figure 31. 2b). If the animal ancestor were planuloid-like,
what major evolutionary events took place to produce the varied forms of ...
3
Modern Text Book of Zoology: Invertebrates
Stages showing evolution of a planuloid ancestor into an acoel flatworrn. A —
Planula larva. B — Mouth formed. C — Body elongates and nervous centre shifts
forward. D — Acoeloid stage. E— Young flatworm. [IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ...
4
Animal Evolution: Genomes, Fossils, and Trees
4.3.2 The acoeloid-planuloid theory and the ancestrality of protostomy
Competing with 'gastraea'-based theories is a different view that does not require
the simultaneous evolution of mouth and anus to establish bilaterality. The
starting points ...
Maximilian J. Telford, D. Timothy J. Littlewood, 2009
5
A Functional Biology of Scyphozoa
The stalked polyps develop from the plan l1lac or the planuloid buds. In genera
such as Halidystus eight tentacles develop around the margin of the oral disc
before the arms appear (Hirano, 1986a). These tentacles develop into the
primary ...
It is evident that there is no difficulty in passing from a planuloid type of ancestor
to an acoeloid form. Epidermis, muscular system, interior mass, nervous system,
and sex cells are, even in present Acoela, distinctly at a coelenterate stage or but
...
One can, therefore, conceive of the embryogenetic evolution of sponges in the
form of cenogenesis by ectoblastic proliferation (the more probable) : blastula >
amphiblastula > gastrula ▻ planuloid stage \ t ^parenchymella 1 or cenogenesis
by ...
Actual invagination may or may not be involved in the formation of a simple
planuloid, and it should perhaps be emphasized again that the planulae living to-
day should not be regarded as necessarily related in any (a) FIG. 10.5. Horizontal
...
Edward Nevill Willmer, 1970
9
Strickberger's Evolution
Colonial aggregation of protozoan choanoflagellate cells cells Planuloid stage
Ectoderm Mesoderm Anterior end Mouth Acoelan tubellarian (sagittal section)
patterns are conserved in evolution (see Chapter 13), gastrulation by
invagination ...
Brian K. Hall, Dalhousie University Brian K Hall, PH.D., Benedikt Hallgrímsson, 2011
10
Invertebrate Relationships: Patterns in Animal Evolution
And in fact SalviniPlawen's version of the planula theory embraced all the points
just raised and incorporated an anthozoan-hydrozoan (biradial-radial)
progression, via a planuloid ancestor becoming benthic and sessile with two
initial ...
NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «PLANULOID»
Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term
planuloid is used in the context of the following news items.
Acoel development indicates the independent evolution of the …
... bilateral organism with a single ventral 'mouth' (acoeloid-planuloid-hypothesis; Fig. 1a). Morphology and recent molecular phylogenies place ... «Nature.com, Sep 08»
