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Meaning of "Viroid" in the German dictionary

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DICTIONARY
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ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD VIROID

zu griechisch -eidḗs = gestaltet, ähnlich, zu: eĩdos = Aussehen, Form.
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Etymology is the study of the origin of words and their changes in structure and significance.
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PRONUNCIATION OF VIROID IN GERMAN

Viroid  [Viroi̲d] play
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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF VIROID

noun
adjective
verb
adverb
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
interjection
article
Viroid is a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES VIROID MEAN IN GERMAN?

Click to see the original definition of «Viroid» in the German dictionary.
Click to see the automatic translation of the definition in English.
Viroid

viroid

Viroid

Viroids are among the smallest pathogens and consist of only one ring-closed, single-stranded ribonucleic acid. In contrast to viruses, viroids do not have any additional proteins or lipids in the form of a sheath or capsid. Viroids can only proliferate within living cells, which is why they form the group of subcellular pathogens together with the viruses, virusoids and prions. The RNA of the viroids is between 241 and 401 nucleotides long. Typically, no messenger RNA is transcribed from this genomic RNA during the multiplication in the cell and thus no Viroid-own proteins are synthesized. The Viroid RNA has its own catalytic activity, inter alia, in the form of a ribozyme. The mechanism of RNA multiplication and interaction with cellular factors is an interesting model for studying the functionality of RNA in the cell. These mechanisms of the viroids are regarded as a molecular fossil from an early stage of chemical evolution. Infections with viroids have so far only been found in vascular plants. Viroide gehören zu den kleinsten Krankheitserregern und bestehen aus nur einer ringförmig geschlossenen, einzelsträngigen Ribonukleinsäure. Im Gegensatz zu Viren besitzen Viroide keine zusätzlichen Proteine oder Lipide in Form einer Hülle oder eines Kapsids. Viroide können sich nur innerhalb lebender Zellen vermehren, weshalb sie auch zusammen mit den Viren, Virusoiden und Prionen die Gruppe der subzellulären Erreger bilden. Die RNA der Viroide ist zwischen 241 und 401 Nukleotide lang. Typischerweise wird von dieser genomischen RNA während der Vermehrung in der Zelle keine messenger-RNA transkribiert und damit keine Viroid-eigenen Proteine synthetisiert. Die Viroid-RNA besitzt eine eigene katalytische Aktivität unter anderem in Form eines Ribozyms. Der Mechanismus der RNA-Vermehrung und Wechselwirkung mit zellulären Faktoren ist ein interessantes Modell zum Studium der Funktionalität von RNA in der Zelle. Diese Mechanismen der Viroide werden als ein molekulares Fossil aus einer frühen Stufe der Chemischen Evolution angesehen. Infektionen mit Viroiden wurden bislang nur bei Gefäßpflanzen gefunden.

Definition of Viroid in the German dictionary

smallest known, previously only proven in plants pathogens. kleinster bekannter, bisher nur bei Pflanzen nachgewiesener Krankheitserreger.
Click to see the original definition of «Viroid» in the German dictionary.
Click to see the automatic translation of the definition in English.

GERMAN WORDS THAT RHYME WITH VIROID


Android
Androi̲d
Aneroid
Aneroi̲d
Asteroid
Asteroi̲d
Chaudfroid
[ʃoˈfrwa] 
Designersteroid
Designersteroid
Kankroid
Kankroi̲d
Meteoroid
Meteoroi̲d
Polaroid
[…ˈrɔ͜yt] 
Porphyroid
Porphyroi̲d
Pyrethroid
Pyrethroi̲d
Sphäroid
Sphäroi̲d
Steroid
Steroi̲d
Vitroid
Vitroi̲d
Zebroid
Zebroi̲d
diphtheroid
diphtheroi̲d
hysteroid
hysteroi̲d
negroid
negroi̲d
tigroid
tigroi̲d

GERMAN WORDS THAT BEGIN LIKE VIROID

Viridarium
viril
Virilisierung
Virilismus
Virilität
virilokal
Virilstimme
Virion
viritim
Virologe
Virologie
Virologin
virologisch
virös
Virose
Virostatikum
virtual
Virtual Environment
Virtual Reality

GERMAN WORDS THAT END LIKE VIROID

Alkaloid
Flavonoid
Opioid
Planetoid
Solenoid
Sphenoid
Tabloid
Toxoid
Trapezoid
Typhoid
adenoid
amyloid
arachnoid
diploid
humanoid
lymphoid
myeloid
paranoid
rheumatoid
rhomboid

Synonyms and antonyms of Viroid in the German dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS

Translation of «Viroid» into 25 languages

TRANSLATOR
online translator

TRANSLATION OF VIROID

Find out the translation of Viroid to 25 languages with our German multilingual translator.
The translations of Viroid from German to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «Viroid» in German.

Translator German - Chinese

类病毒
1,325 millions of speakers

Translator German - Spanish

viroide
570 millions of speakers

Translator German - English

viroid
510 millions of speakers

Translator German - Hindi

viroid
380 millions of speakers
ar

Translator German - Arabic

الفيروس المعدي
280 millions of speakers

Translator German - Russian

вироидный
278 millions of speakers

Translator German - Portuguese

viroid
270 millions of speakers

Translator German - Bengali

viroid
260 millions of speakers

Translator German - French

viroïde
220 millions of speakers

Translator German - Malay

viroid
190 millions of speakers

German

Viroid
180 millions of speakers

Translator German - Japanese

ウイロイド
130 millions of speakers

Translator German - Korean

로이드
85 millions of speakers

Translator German - Javanese

viroid
85 millions of speakers
vi

Translator German - Vietnamese

viroid
80 millions of speakers

Translator German - Tamil

viroid
75 millions of speakers

Translator German - Marathi

हे viroid
75 millions of speakers

Translator German - Turkish

viroidi
70 millions of speakers

Translator German - Italian

viroid
65 millions of speakers

Translator German - Polish

wiroid
50 millions of speakers

Translator German - Ukrainian

віроідний
40 millions of speakers

Translator German - Romanian

viroid
30 millions of speakers
el

Translator German - Greek

ιοειδές
15 millions of speakers
af

Translator German - Afrikaans

Viroid
14 millions of speakers
sv

Translator German - Swedish

viroid
10 millions of speakers
no

Translator German - Norwegian

viroid
5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of Viroid

TRENDS

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «VIROID»

The term «Viroid» is regularly used and occupies the 65.188 position in our list of most widely used terms in the German dictionary.
0
100%
FREQUENCY
Regularly used
69
/100
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «Viroid» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of Viroid
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our German online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «Viroid».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «VIROID» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «Viroid» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «Viroid» appears in digitalised printed sources in German between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the German literature, quotes and news about Viroid

EXAMPLES

10 GERMAN BOOKS RELATING TO «VIROID»

Discover the use of Viroid in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to Viroid and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in German literature.
1
Biologie der Pflanzen
In der Größe variieren sie zwischen 246 Basen beim Cadang-Cadang-Viroid der Kokospalme und 375 Basen bei einem Viroid der Zitrusfrüchte (citrus exocortis viroid). Somit sind sie deutlich kleiner als die kleinsten viralen Genome. Obwohl ...
Peter H. Raven, Ray F. Evert, Susan E. Eichhorn, 2006
2
Allgemeine und molekulare Botanik
Als erstes Beispiel für diese neue Form pflanzlicher Pathogene wurde das Kartoffel-Spindelknollen-Viroid mit 349 Nucleotiden (PSTV, potato spindel tuber viroid, Abb. a) identifiziert. Das RNA-Genom von Viroiden kann 250–425 Nucleotide ...
Elmar W. Weiler, Lutz Nover, 2008
3
Allgemeine Mikrobiologie
Bekannt ist das Kartoffelspindelknollen-Viroid (engl. Potatoe-Spindle-Tuber Viroid (PSTV) (Pospiviroidae). Sie können aber auch Kokosnusspalmen, Hopfen, Pfirsiche, Gurken und Avocados befallen. Es ist nicht klar, wie es zur Auslösung der ...
Georg Fuchs, 2007
4
Nukleinsäure: Chromosom, Gen, Plasmid, Nukleinsäuren, ...
Dieser Inhalt ist eine Zusammensetzung von Artikeln aus der frei verf gbaren Wikipedia-Enzyklop die. Seiten: 49. Nicht dargestellt.
Quelle: Wikipedia, Bucher Gruppe, 2011
5
Mikrobiologie: Bakterien, Infektionskrankheit, Pandemie, ...
Dieser Inhalt ist eine Zusammensetzung von Artikeln aus der frei verf gbaren Wikipedia-Enzyklop die. Seiten: 149. Nicht dargestellt.
Quelle: Wikipedia, Bucher Gruppe, 2011
6
Biochemie - Zellbiologie
Die Vermehrung der RNA erfolgt nach dem Rolling Circle- Mechanismus ( Genetik). DNA-Zwischenstufen sind, im Gegensatz zu den Retroviren, bisher nicht bekannt. Die Viroid-RNA codiert nicht für Proteine, auch besitzt die Wirtszelle keine ...
Katharina Munk, 2008
7
Biokommunikation und natürliche Bearbeitung genetischer ...
8. Diener TO. (1991). Viroids and viroid-like satellite RNAs: a phylogenetic analysis. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 364: 243-256. 9. Diener TO. (1993). The viroid: big punch in a small package. Trends in Microbiology 1: 289-294.
Günther Witzany, 2011
8
Phytomedizin: Grundwissen Bachelor
Bei Pflanzenviren unterscheidet man zwei Familien (Po spiviroidae, Avsunviroidae) mit verschiedenen Gattungen, zu denen beispielsweise die wirtschaftlich bedeutenden Viroide Potato spindle tuber viroid, Coconut cadang- cadang viroid ...
Johannes Hallmann, Andrea Quadt-Hallmann, Andreas von Tiedemann, 2009
9
Karlsons Biochemie und Pathobiochemie
Gezeigt ist ein Tomaten-pathogenes Viroid (nach Riesner und Gross, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1985:54:531). 400 Nucleotiden und sind ringförmig geschlossen (-<a> 6.54). Sie weisen viele interne Basenparungen auf, so dass Viroide im ...
Detlef Doenecke, 2005
10
Elektrophorese: Theorie und Praxis
Bei ihr wird zuerst der Pflanzenextraltt (die RNA» Fragmente und das Viroid) bei 15 °С in einem Polyacrylamidgel unter nativen Bedingungen aufgetrennt. Danach wird in die umgekehrte Richtung mit dem gleichen Gel eine Elektrophorese ...
Budin Michov, 1996

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «VIROID»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term Viroid is used in the context of the following news items.
1
Prions: They Want Your Brain
Prions are, simply put, the protein version of a viroid. Viroids are small strands of infectious RNA without a protein coat (in that sense differing from a typical virus) ... «The Korea Times US, Dec 16»
2
First report of PNRSV on apple trees
... leaf spot virus(ACLSV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) and Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd). «FreshPlaza, Sep 16»
3
Poor potato harvest could drive Dutch farmers out of business
The sector has also been hit by the discovery of the rare disease potato tuber spindle viroid in the north-east polder region. The harvest in Belgium and northern ... «DutchNews.nl, Sep 16»
4
Virus visible in Michigan hopyards
Hop latent virus, American hop latent virus and hop mosaic virus (known as the carlavirus complex), as well as apple mosaic virus and hop stunt viroid have all ... «Michigan State University Extension, Sep 16»
5
NVWA: PSTVd bedreigt aardappelteelt
Het potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is een quarantaine-organisme. In het voorjaar van 2014 is het viroïde gevonden bij aardappelkweekbedrijf Meijer in ... «Boerderij, Aug 16»
6
NVWA onderzoekt uitgangsmateriaal als bron PSTVd in paprikakas
De NVWA onderzoekt uitgangsmateriaal uit Israël op besmetting met de schadelijke viroïde potato spindle tuber viroid (afgekort PSTVd). Drie besmette ... «Groenten en Fruit Actueel, Apr 16»
7
Costa Rica: Avocado prices to stay high
Peruvian avocados, which partly replace the Mexican imports in Costa Rica, also suffered problems with the viroid, according to research conducted by the ... «FreshPlaza, Mar 16»
8
Må destruere 100 000 tomatplanter etter plantesykdom
Dette er andre gang at Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid dukker opp i Norge. Forrige gang var i 2012. Også denne gangen på Lauvsnes Gartneri i Finnøy. – Dette er ... «Bondebladet, Feb 16»
9
Costa Rica: Avocado growers confirm presence of sunblotch virus
He added that the SFE cannot be judge and jury in actions intended to confirm the presence of this viroid in local Hass avocado plantations, given that they were ... «FreshPlaza, Feb 16»
10
Descartan presencia de “mancha del sol” en aguacate nacional
... autoridades del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG), confirmaron este jueves que la enfermedad del Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd), “Mancha del ... «elmundoCR, Jan 16»

REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Viroid [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-de/viroid>. May 2024 ».
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