QUE SIGNIFIE EXTERNALITY EN ANGLAIS
Externité
En économie, une externalité est le coût ou l'avantage qui affecte une partie qui n'a pas choisi d'engager ce coût ou ce bénéfice. Par exemple, les activités de fabrication qui causent la pollution de l'air imposent des coûts de santé et de nettoyage sur l'ensemble de la société, alors que les voisins d'un individu qui choisit de protéger son domicile contre le feu peuvent bénéficier d'un risque réduit de propagation de feu dans leurs maisons. Si des coûts externes existent, tels que la pollution, le producteur peut choisir de produire plus de produits que ne le seraient si le producteur devait payer tous les coûts environnementaux associés. S'il y a des avantages externes, comme dans le cas de la sécurité publique, moins de biens peuvent être produits que ce serait le cas si le producteur devait recevoir un paiement pour les avantages externes pour les autres. Aux fins de ces énoncés, le coût et les avantages globaux pour la société sont définis comme la somme de la valeur monétaire imputée des avantages et des coûts pour toutes les parties impliquées. Ainsi, les marchés non réglementés de biens ou de services ayant des externalités importantes génèrent des prix qui ne reflètent pas le coût social total ou le bénéfice de leurs transactions; De tels marchés sont donc inefficaces.
définition de externality dans le dictionnaire anglais
La première définition de l'externalité dans le dictionnaire est l'état ou la condition d'être externe. L'autre définition de l'externalité est quelque chose d'externe. L'extériorité est aussi la qualité d'exister indépendamment d'un esprit percevant.
MOTS EN ANGLAIS EN RAPPORT AVEC «EXTERNALITY»
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CITATIONS EN ANGLAIS AVEC «EXTERNALITY»
Citations et phrases célèbres avec le mot
externality.
The reality is gas prices should be much more expensive then they are because we're not incorporating the true damage to the environment and the hidden costs of mining oil and transporting it to the U.S. Whenever you have an unpriced externality, you have a bit of a market failure, to the degree that eternality remains unpriced.
10 LIVRES EN ANGLAIS EN RAPPORT AVEC «EXTERNALITY»
Découvrez l'usage de
externality dans la sélection bibliographique suivante. Des livres en rapport avec
externality et de courts extraits de ceux-ci pour replacer dans son contexte son utilisation littéraire.
1
Environmental Economics and Management : Theory, Policy and ...
Having established the basics of what externalities are conceptually, we now
develop a formal model of a negative environmental externality. We elect to
model a production externality, because this approach addresses the most
prevalent ...
Scott Callan, Janet Thomas,
2009
2
Principles of Economics
Pollution per- mits and corrective taxes on emissions, for instance, are designed
to internalize the externality of pollution. More and more, these are the policies of
choice for those interested in protecting the environment. Market forces, properly
...
2 EXTERNALITIES Although the nature of an externality as an effect inflicted by
one agent upon another may seem very clear at an intuitive level, once a
formalisation is attempted a number of issues arise that need to be resolved. Of
most ...
The implications of this type of externality for market failure are quite important.
For example, suppose that the marginal social cost curve was S. This would also
be the supply curve under conditions of perfect competition. Under these ...
5
Durkheim's Philosophy Lectures: Notes from the Lycée de Sens ...
External. Perception. The. Origin. of. the. Idea. of. Externality. It's through external
perception that the external world becomes known to us. But does this world
really exist? This is the question we'll address in the next few lectures. It can be ...
Later in this section, we illustrate this condition graphically. Meaning in Terms
Category Definition of Marginal Benefits and Costs 1 No negative or positive
MEC I 0 and MEB I 0; It follows that externality MSC I A/IPC and M53 I MP3 2
Negative ...
7
New Trends in Ecology Research
constitutes a widespread application of the opportunities for transferring an
externality. The transfer of externalities is automatic in some special cases, as
happens with a great deal of the atmospheric pollution generated in a city. If one
tries to ...
A. R. Burk, James C. Ascough,
2005
8
Environmental and Natural Resources Economics: Theory, ...
Pecuniary Externality An externality that occurs due to the normal process of
buyers and sellers entering or exiting the market. A pecuniary externality
operates through market prices. It has nothing to do with the inappropriate choice
of ...
Therefore, these people receive a benefit for which they do not pay (i.e., a
positive externality). 4. Some contemporary economists would argue that this
type of externality is not a "real" externality but merely a pecuniary externality.
Pecuniary ...
10
Applied Cost-benefit Analysis, Second Edition:
5.1.1 Definitions of externality Buchanan and Stubblebine (1962) provided a
battery of definitions of externality that are very useful for public policy purposes.
They define when an externality exists, and when there is, and there is not, ...
10 ACTUALITÉS CONTENANT LE TERME «EXTERNALITY»
Découvrez de quoi on parle dans les médias nationaux et internationaux et comment le terme
externality est employé dans le contexte des actualités suivantes.
Green Chemistry in Modern Mining and Rare Earth Beneficiation
This situation is an example of negative externality, where the cost of producing the rare earth metals is borne, to a large degree, by society at ... «InvestorIntel, juil 15»
$15 Trillion Plan Would Have All of America on Renewable Energy …
“Fossil fuel costs 30 cents per kilowatt hour, when externality costs are included.” The plan's timeline has energy supplies switch to 80 percent ... «The Epoch Times, juil 15»
Report by Brattle Economists Quantifies Significant Value of Nuclear …
... tons of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions annually, together valued at $8.4 billion using the National Academy of Science's externality estimates. «Digital Journal, juil 15»
BAILOUT FICTION: Greece and the Groogle Syndicate option
Before he could settle himself and correct for the unanticipated externality, a smart-shirt/sock data dispatch registering a quickened pulse was ... «FT Alphaville, juil 15»
Making healthy transport policies
It leads the world in pricing and restricting road use, to account for the negative "externality" imposed by those who take cars instead of the MRT ... «The Straits Times, juil 15»
Are environmental taxes addressing our health concerns?
Pollution can be regarded as an externality and, hence, not only an explicit cost of producing goods and services, but as one that is also borne ... «Graphic Online, juil 15»
Here's What It Will Take for Women's Sports to Grow in the US
But when other fans are relatively scarce, this network externality is quite weak. Only with time will that network get stronger. It seems easy for ... «TIME, juil 15»
Osborne's chance to make sense of muddled UK climate taxes
Putting a price on an externality — making the polluter pay the cost of the harm created by the pollution produced — is often the most efficient ... «Financial Times, juil 15»
ObamaCare and America's Death Spiral
... the popular belief that maladies are caused by an imperfect externality and therefore with the correct reconfiguration of the world (i.e. theirs), ... «American Thinker, juil 15»
The Rinse-Wash-Repeat Approach for Getting Growth Results
These leaders are fully in control of their growth destinies, yet all too often are unable to deliver and either blame some externality or create a ... «Huffington Post, juil 15»